ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Restriction of Toxoplasma gondii growth in human brain microvascular endothelial cells by activation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Tryptophan and Its Derived Metabolites as Biomarkers for Tuberculosis Disease: A Systematic ReviewIranian biomedical journal · 2024Pooled it
- Tryptophan catabolism reflects disease activity in human tuberculosis.JCI insight · 2020Trial
- Spatially divergent metabolic impact of experimental toxoplasmosis: immunological and microbial correlates.mSystems · 2025Article
- Dissecting antimicrobial logic: species-specific strategies for intracellular pathogen defense.mSphere · 2025Review
- Human Brain Endothelial Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles ReduceInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Review
- Effective factors in the pathogenesis ofHeliyon · 2024Review
- Genome-wide and targeted CRISPR screens identify RNF213 as a mediator of interferon gamma-dependent pathogen restriction in human cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- The Complexity of Interferon Signaling in Host Defense against Protozoan Parasite Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Microfluidic model for in vitro acute Toxoplasma gondii infection and transendothelial migration.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- IFN-induced cell-autonomous immune mechanisms in the control of intracellular protozoa.Parasitology research · 2022Review
- The Epigenetics of Psychosis: A Structured Review with Representative Loci.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Nanos gigantium humeris insidentes: old papers informing new research into Toxoplasma gondii.International journal for parasitology · 2021Review
- Comprehensive Overview ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Structural, Functional, and Metabolic Alterations in Human Cerebrovascular Endothelial Cells duringMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- IDO Expression in Cancer: Different Compartment, Different Functionality?Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Competition for nutrients and its role in controlling immune responses.Nature communications · 2019Review
- Pathogen interactions with endothelial cells and the induction of innate and adaptive immunity.European journal of immunology · 2018Review
- A latent ability to persist: differentiation in Toxoplasma gondii.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
One of the first steps in the development of cerebral toxoplasmosis is the penetration of the blood-brain barrier, which is comprised of microvascular endothelial cells. We examined the capacity of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) to interact with Toxoplasma gondii. We found that stimulation of HBMEC with gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) resulted in the induction of toxoplasmostasis. The capacity of HBMEC to restrict Toxoplasma growth after IFN-gamma stimulation was enhanced in the presence of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). In addition, we found that IFN-gamma induced a strong induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in HBMEC, and this enzyme activity was enhanced by costimulation with TNF-alpha. The addition of excess amounts of tryptophan to the HBMEC cultures resulted in a complete abrogation of the IFN-gamma-TNF-alpha-mediated toxoplasmostasis. We therefore conclude that IDO induction contributed to the antiparasitic effector mechanism inducible in HBMEC by IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.