ArticleThe Plant cell2001
The Arabidopsis TT2 gene encodes an R2R3 MYB domain protein that acts as a key determinant for proanthocyanidin accumulation in developing seed.
Article in The Plant cell, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 378 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
378 citing papers in PubMed, 822 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatial control of anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin production in tomato fruits by competitive MBW complexes to promote seed dispersal.Plant communications · 2026Article
- Evolutionary and functional divergence of MYB regulatory networks in flavonoid biosynthesis across Poaceae, non-Poaceae monocots, and eudicot horticultural plants.Horticulture research · 2026Review
- Proanthocyanidins: structure, biosynthesis, regulation, and structure-activity relationships.aBIOTECH · 2026Review
- An R2R3-MYB Gene GhMYBPA of Gossypium hirsutum Promotes Proanthocyanidin Accumulation and Improves Heat Tolerance in Arabidopsis.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Article
- Review
- Expression dynamics of starch and proanthocyanidin biosynthesis genes during Quercus glauca fruit development.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Regulatory Roles of PURPLE FRUIT 1 and OsPa in Pigmentation of Rice Grain.Rice (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Article
- DcMYB5 transcription factor regulates the biosynthesis of diosgenin by directly repressing CYP90B gene expression in Dioscorea composita.Plant cell reports · 2026Article
- Advances in the Function Roles of Hydroxycinnamoyl-CoA Shikimate/Quinate Hydroxycinnamoyl Transferases: A Key Enzyme Linking Phenylpropanoid Metabolism to Plant Terrestrial Adaptation.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Holistic overview of regulatory networks governing seed dormancy and germination in plants.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Molecular insights into the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Horticulture research · 2026Article
- A cell-type-specific regulon controlling monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis with feedback and feedforward activation loops.The New phytologist · 2026Article
- The Mechanism of TT2-TypePlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Integrated metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses identify MYB genes regulating key metabolites and agronomic traits in upland cotton Gossypium hirsutum.Nature genetics · 2025Article
- The VvWRKY26-MBW Complex Induced by Salicylic Acid Promotes the Accumulation of Proanthocyanidins in Grape.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Identification of Key Regulators of Plant Height Variation and Stress Tolerance of the RcMYB Family inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic Regulation of Anthocyanin Biosynthesis inPlant direct · 2025Article
- Genome-Wide Analysis of the Common Fig (Ficus carica L.) R2R3-MYB Genes Reveals Their Structure, Evolution, and Roles in Fruit Color Variation.Biochemical genetics · 2025Article
318 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In Arabidopsis, proanthocyanidins specifically accumulate in the endothelium during early seed development. At least three TRANSPARENT TESTA (TT) genes, TT2, TT8, and TTG1, are necessary for the normal expression of several flavonoid structural genes in immature seed, such as DIHYDROFLAVONOL-4-REDUCTASE and BANYULS (BAN). TT8 and TTG1 were characterized recently and found to code for a basic helix-loop-helix domain transcription factor and a WD-repeat-containing protein, respectively. Here the molecular cloning of the TT2 gene was achieved by T-DNA tagging. TT2 encoded an R2R3 MYB domain protein with high similarity to the rice OsMYB3 protein and the maize COLORLESS1 factor. A TT2-green fluorescent protein fusion protein was located mostly in the nucleus, in agreement with the regulatory function of the native TT2 protein. TT2 expression was restricted to the seed during early embryogenesis, consistent with BAN expression and the proanthocyanidin deposition profile. Finally, in gain-of-function experiments, TT2 was able to induce ectopic expression of BAN in young seedlings and roots in the presence of a functional TT8 protein. Therefore, our results strongly suggest that stringent spatial and temporal BAN expression, and thus proanthocyanidin accumulation, are determined at least partially by TT2.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.