ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2001
Effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in vivo on cytokine production and proliferation by spleen cells.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current State of the Fight Against Antimicrobial Resistance: What Are the Different Strategies for Tomorrow?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- GM-CSF ameliorates inflammation from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a juvenile mouse model of burn injury.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2025Article
- Adjunctive GM-CSF therapy enhances host defense against systemicFrontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Article
- The Role of Cytokine-Inducible SH2 Domain-Containing Protein (CISH) in the Regulation of Basal and Cytokine-Mediated Myelopoiesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Knockdown expression of a MYB-related transcription factor gene, OsMYBS2, enhances production of recombinant proteins in rice suspension cells.Plant methods · 2021Article
- Oxaliplatin Treatment Alters Systemic Immune Responses.BioMed research international · 2019Article
- Atrial fibrillation is associated with hematopoietic tissue activation and arterial inflammation.The international journal of cardiovascular imaging · 2016Article
- Effect of Mucosal Cytokine Administration on Selective Expansion of Vaginal Dendritic Cells to Support Nanoparticle Transport.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2015Article
- Protective effects of adenosine A2A receptor agonist in ventilator-induced lung injury in rats.Critical care medicine · 2009Article
- Effector and memory T-cell differentiation: implications for vaccine development.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2002Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
GM-CSF is a potent stimulator of haematopoietic cells as well as some functions of granulocytes and macrophages. GM-CSF has many clinical uses; however, little is known about the effects of GM-CSF treatment in vivo on the responses of tissue lymphocytes in terms of secretion of Th-1 and Th-2 cytokines. We investigated this issue by measuring the responses of spleen cells from mice 24 h after treatment i.p. with saline or rmGM-CSF. GM-CSF at 16.7-50.0 microg/kg significantly increased (P < 0.01) spleen cellularity 2-2.5-fold and enhanced proliferative responses of non-stimulated (no mitogen) as well as concanavalin A (Con A)-stimulated spleen cells. Secretion of IFN-gamma by Con A (2.5 microg/ml)-stimulated spleen cells was significantly (P < 0.01) increased from 1.8 microg/ml by control spleen cells to 5.2 microg/ml by GM-CSF spleen cells. IL-10 production was greater (0.25 microg/ml, P < 0.05) by Con A-stimulated spleen cells from GM-CSF-treated mice compared to control spleen cells (0.06 microg/ml). By contrast, there were no significant differences in IL-4 production by Con A-stimulated spleen cells from the different groups. These results show that GM-CSF treatment increases spleen cellularity and primes lymphocytes for enhanced responses. The enhanced production of Th-1 cytokines by primed lymphocytes may partially explain the beneficial role of in vivo administration of GM-CSF in several clinical situations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.