ReviewMicrobiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR2001
Receptors and entry cofactors for retroviruses include single and multiple transmembrane-spanning proteins as well as newly described glycophosphatidylinositol-anchored and secreted proteins.
Review in Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 185 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alternative oncogenic drivers and sensitivity to BTK inhibition in CRISPR/Cas gene-edited human DLBCL cell models.Blood neoplasia · 2026Article
- Engineered soluble truncated envelope proteins block bovine leukemia virus infection.Virus research · 2026Article
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- MFSD6 is an entry receptor for enterovirus D68.Nature · 2025Article
- High ionic strength vector formulations enhance gene transfer to airway epithelia.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Targeted Suicide Gene Therapy with Retroviral Replicating Vectors for Experimental Canine Cancers.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Retroviral Replicating Vectors Mediated Prodrug Activator Gene Therapy in a Gastric Cancer Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Molecular characterization of Brazilian FeLV strains in São Luis, Maranhão Brazil.Virus genes · 2023Article
- Unique Structure and Distinctive Properties of the Ancient and Ubiquitous Gamma-Type Envelope Glycoprotein.Viruses · 2023Review
- Feline Leukemia Virus Frequently Spills Over from Domestic Cats to North American Pumas.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Identification of Copper Transporter 1 as a Receptor for Feline Endogenous Retrovirus ERV-DC14.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- ICTV Virus Taxonomy Profile:The Journal of general virology · 2021Article
- High Prevalence of Recombinant Porcine Endogenous Retroviruses (PERV-A/Cs) in Minipigs: A Review on Origin and Presence.Viruses · 2021Review
- Insights into Sensing of Murine Retroviruses.Viruses · 2020Review
- Screening pigs for xenotransplantation in China: investigation of porcine endogenous retrovirus in Diannan small-eared pigs.Virus genes · 2020Article
- Identification of HIV-1 Envelope Mutations that Enhance Entry Using Macaque CD4 and CCR5.Viruses · 2020Article
- Efficient Prodrug Activator Gene Therapy by Retroviral Replicating Vectors Prolongs Survival in an Immune-Competent Intracerebral Glioma Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Dual-vector prodrug activator gene therapy using retroviral replicating vectors.Cancer gene therapy · 2019Article
- Efficient tumor transduction and antitumor efficacy in experimental human osteosarcoma using retroviral replicating vectors.Cancer gene therapy · 2019Article
- Transmission, Evolution, and Endogenization: Lessons Learned from Recent Retroviral Invasions.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2018Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In the past few years, many retrovirus receptors, coreceptors, and cofactors have been identified. These molecules are important for some aspects of viral entry, although in some cases it remains to be determined whether they are required for binding or postbinding stages in entry, such as fusion. There are certain common features to the molecules that many retroviruses use to gain entry into the cell. For example, the receptors for most mammalian oncoretroviruses are multiple membrane-spanning transport proteins. However, avian retroviruses use single-pass membrane proteins, and a sheep retrovirus uses a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule as its receptor. For some retroviruses, particularly the lentiviruses, two cell surface molecules are required for efficient entry. More recently, a soluble protein that is required for viral entry has been identified for a feline oncoretrovirus. In this review, we will focus on the various strategies used by mammalian retroviruses to gain entry into the cell. The choice of receptors will also be discussed in light of pressures that drive viral evolution and persistence.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.