ArticleGene therapy2001
Chitosan as a nonviral gene delivery system. Structure-property relationships and characteristics compared with polyethylenimine in vitro and after lung administration in vivo.
Article in Gene therapy, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 87 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
87 citing papers in PubMed, 528 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Lipid-Polymer Nanoparticles (LiPoNs) Mediated Codelivery of AntimiR-21 and Gadolinium Chelate in Triple Negative Breast Cancer Theranostics.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Chitosan immunomodulation: insights into mechanisms of action on immune cells and signaling pathways.RSC advances · 2025Review
- The Impact of Using Different Cationic Polymers on the Formation of Efficient Lipopolyplexes for pDNA Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Viral and Non-Viral Systems to Deliver Gene Therapeutics to Clinical Targets.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Redox-Responsive Polymeric Nanoparticle for Nucleic Acid Delivery and Cancer Therapy: Progress, Opportunities, and Challenges.Macromolecular bioscience · 2024Review
- Formulation of Chitosan-Zein Nano-in-Microparticles for Oral DNA Delivery.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- Polymeric Vehicles for Nucleic Acid Delivery: Enhancing the Therapeutic Efficacy and Cellular Uptake.Recent advances in drug delivery and formulation · 2024Review
- On the Fractionation and Physicochemical Characterisation of Self-Assembled Chitosan-DNA Polyelectrolyte Complexes.Polymers · 2023Article
- Ionizable drug delivery systems for efficient and selective gene therapy.Military Medical Research · 2023Review
- The Progress and Promise of RNA Medicine─An Arsenal of Targeted Treatments.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2022Review
- Scalable Purification of Plasmid DNA Nanoparticles by Tangential Flow Filtration for Systemic Delivery.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2021Article
- Multifunctional Immunoadjuvants for Use in Minimalist Nucleic Acid Vaccines.Pharmaceutics · 2021Review
- Alginate gels crosslinked with chitosan oligomers - a systematic investigation into alginate block structure and chitosan oligomer interaction.RSC advances · 2021Article
- Dual-Modified Liposome for Targeted and Enhanced Gene Delivery into Mice Brain.The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics · 2020Article
- Review
- Application of novel nanotechnologies in asthma.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Enzymatic Modification of Native Chitin and Conversion to Specialty Chemical Products.Marine drugs · 2020Review
- Polymeric vehicles for nucleic acid delivery.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2020Review
- Review of polysaccharide particle-based functional drug delivery.Carbohydrate polymers · 2019Review
27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chitosan is a natural cationic linear polymer that has recently emerged as an alternative nonviral gene delivery system. We have established the relationships between the structure and the properties of chitosan-pDNA polyplexes in vitro. Further, we have compared polyplexes of ultrapure chitosan (UPC) of preferred molecular structure with those of optimised polyethylenimine (PEI) polyplexes in vitro and after intratracheal administration to mice in vivo. Chitosans in which over two out of three monomer units carried a primary amino group formed stable colloidal polyplexes with pDNA. Optimized UPC and PEI polyplexes protected the pDNA from serum degradation to approximately the same degree, and they gave a comparable maximal transgene expression in 293 cells. In contrast to PEI, UPC was non toxic at escalating doses. After intratracheal administration, both polyplexes distributed to the mid-airways, where transgene expression was observed in virtually every epithelial cell, using a sensitive pLacZ reporter containing a translational enhancer element. However, the kinetics of gene expression differed - PEI polyplexes induced a more rapid onset of gene expression than UPC. This was attributed to a more rapid endosomal escape of the PEI polyplexes. Although this resulted in a more efficient gene expression with PEI polyplexes, UPC had an efficiency comparable to that of commonly used cationic lipids. In conclusion, this study provides insights into the use of chitosan as a gene delivery system. It emphasises that chitosan is a nontoxic alternative to other cationic polymers and it forms a platform for further studies of chitosan-based gene delivery systems.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.