ArticleJournal of neurovirology2001
Cytomegalovirus induces cytokine and chemokine production differentially in microglia and astrocytes: antiviral implications.
Article in Journal of neurovirology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 108 citations in OpenAlex.
- Frequency and Focus of in Vitro Studies of Microglia-Expressed Cytokines in Response to Viral Infection: A Systematic Review.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2024Pooled it
- Beyond the neuron: the role of glial cells in viral neuropathogenesis.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Beyond hearing loss: exploring neurological and neurodevelopmental sequelae in asymptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection.Pediatric research · 2025Review
- Congenital CMV infection and central nervous system involvement: mechanisms, treatment, and long-term outcomes.European journal of pediatrics · 2025Review
- Association between human cytomegalovirus infection and incidence of severe orofacial clefts: a series of rare cases.BMC oral health · 2025Article
- Immune responses drive chorioretinitis and retinal pathology after neonatal CMV infection.Science advances · 2024Article
- Human cytomegalovirus infection impairs neural differentiation via repressing sterol regulatory element binding protein 2-mediated cholesterol biosynthesis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- Cytomegalovirus infection lengthens the cell cycle of granule cell precursors during postnatal cerebellar development.JCI insight · 2024Article
- The Auditory Pathway in Congenitally Cytomegalovirus-Infected Human Fetuses.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Understanding the Neurotrophic Virus Mechanisms and Their Potential Effect on Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Development.Brain sciences · 2024Review
- Role of microglia in brain development after viral infection.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Interactions between CNS and immune cells in tuberculous meningitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Cytomegalovirus antibodies are associated with mood disorders, suicide, markers of neuroinflammation, and microglia activation in postmortem brain samples.Molecular psychiatry · 2023Article
- Article
- Antiviral response within different cell types of the CNS.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Murine Models of Central Nervous System Disease following Congenital Human Cytomegalovirus Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Review
- Human herpesvirus type 2 infection of primary murine astrocytes causes disruption of the mitochondrial network and remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton: an in vitro morphological study.Archives of virology · 2021Article
- Intrauterine Viral Infections: Impact of Inflammation on Fetal Neurodevelopment.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2021Review
- Evidence of Microglial Immune Response Following Coronavirus PHEV Infection of CNS.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glial cells function as sensors for infection within the brain and produce cytokines to limit viral replication and spread. We examined both cytokine (TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, and IL-6) and chemokine (MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, RANTES, and IL-8) production by primary human glial cells in response to cytomegalovirus (CMV). Although CMV-infected astrocytes did not produce antiviral cytokines, they generated significant quantities of the chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 in response to viral infection. On the other hand, supernatants from CMV-stimulated purified microglial cell cultures showed a marked increase in the production of TNF-alpha and IL-6, as well as chemokines. Supernatants from CMV-infected astrocyte cultures induced the migration of microglia towards chemotactic signals generated from infected astrocytes. Antibodies to MCP-1, but not to MIP-1alpha, RANTES, or IL-8, inhibited this migratory activity. These findings suggest that infected astrocytes may use MCP-1 to recruit antiviral cytokine-producing microglial cells to foci of infection. To test this hypothesis, cocultures of astrocytes and microglial cells were infected with CMV. Viral gene expression in these cocultures was 60% lower than in CMV infected purified astrocyte cultures lacking microglia. These results support the hypothesis that microglia play an important antiviral role in defense of the brain against CMV. The host defense function of microglial cells may be directed in part by chemokines, such as MCP-1, produced by infected astrocytes.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.