ArticleJournal of bacteriology2001
Anatomical analysis of Saccharomyces cerevisiae stalk-like structures reveals spatial organization and cell specialization.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interplay of Spatial Structure and Interactions in Microbial Communities.Environmental microbiology · 2026Review
- Cell differentiation, aging, and death in spatially organized yeast communities: mechanisms and consequences.Cell death and differentiation · 2025Review
- The Saccharomyces cerevisiae ∑1278b strain is sensitive to NaCl because of mutations in its ENA1 gene.FEMS yeast research · 2025Article
- Article
- Methodologies to generate, extract, purify and fractionate yeast ECM for analytical use in proteomics and glycomics.BMC microbiology · 2014Article
- Growing yeast into cylindrical colonies.Biophysical journal · 2014Article
- Identification of a complex genetic network underlying Saccharomyces cerevisiae colony morphology.Molecular microbiology · 2012Article
- The "finger," a unique multicellular morphology of Candida albicans induced by CO2 and dependent upon the Ras1-cyclic AMP pathway.Eukaryotic cell · 2012Article
- Regulation of mat responses by a differentiation MAPK pathway in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.PloS one · 2012Article
- Yeast colonies: a model for studies of aging, environmental adaptation, and longevity.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2012Review
- Yeast colony embedding method.Journal of visualized experiments : JoVE · 2011Article
- The Rim101p/PacC pathway and alkaline pH regulate pattern formation in yeast colonies.Genetics · 2010Article
- Yeast and fungal morphogenesis from an evolutionary perspective.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2008Review
- Article
- Multicellular microorganisms: laboratory versus nature.EMBO reports · 2004Review
- Combination of two activating mutations in one HOG1 gene forms hyperactive enzymes that induce growth arrest.Molecular and cellular biology · 2003Article
- Meiotic differentiation during colony maturation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Current genetics · 2002Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Recently we reported an unusual multicellular organization in yeast that we termed stalk-like structures. These structures are tall (0.5 to 3 cm long) and narrow (1 to 3 mm in diameter). They are formed in response to UV radiation of cultures spread on high agar concentrations. Here we present an anatomical analysis of the stalks. Microscopic inspection of cross sections taken from stalks revealed that stalks are composed of an inner core in which cells are dense and vital and a layer of cells (four to six rows) that surrounds the core. This outer layer is physically separated from the core and contains many dead cells. The outer layer may form a protective shell for the core cells. Through electron microscopy analysis we observed three types of cells within the stalk population: (i) cells containing many unusual vesicles, which might be undergoing some kind of cell death; (ii) cells containing spores (usually one or two spores only); and (iii) familiar rounded cells. We suggest that stalk cells are not only spatially organized but may undergo processes that induce a certain degree of cell specialization. We also show that high agar concentration alone, although not sufficient to induce stalk formation, induces dramatic changes in a colony's morphology. Most striking among the agar effects is the induction of growth into the agar, forming peg-like structures. Colonies grown on 4% agar or higher are reminiscent of stalks in some aspects. The agar concentration effects are mediated in part by the Ras pathway and are related to the invasive-growth phenomenon.
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