ArticleJournal of virology2001
RNA splicing at human immunodeficiency virus type 1 3' splice site A2 is regulated by binding of hnRNP A/B proteins to an exonic splicing silencer element.
Article in Journal of virology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review
- Helicobacter Pylori-Enhanced hnRNPA2B1 Coordinates with PABPC1 to Promote Non-mAdvanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2024Article
- Review
- The Regulatory Network of hnRNPs Underlying RegulatingBiomolecules · 2024Review
- Encoded Conformational Dynamics of the HIV Splice Site A3 Regulatory Locus: Implications for Differential Binding of hnRNP Splicing Auxiliary Factors.Journal of molecular biology · 2022Article
- Detection of Chimeric Cellular: HIV mRNAs Generated Through Aberrant Splicing in HIV-1 Latently Infected Resting CD4+ T Cells.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Let It Go: HIV-1Journal of virology · 2021Review
- HIV-1: To Splice or Not to Splice, That Is the Question.Viruses · 2021Review
- Effect of hnRNPA2/B1 on the proliferation and apoptosis of glioma U251 cells via the regulation of AKT and STAT3 pathways.Bioscience reports · 2020Article
- Stress proteins: the biological functions in virus infection, present and challenges for target-based antiviral drug development.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2020Review
- Genome-Wide Analysis of Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) Binding to HIV-1 RNA Reveals a Key Role for hnRNP H1 in Alternative Viral mRNA Splicing.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Idiosyncrasies of hnRNP A1-RNA recognition: Can binding mode influence function.Seminars in cell & developmental biology · 2019Review
- Both anti-inflammatory and antiviral properties of novel drug candidate ABX464 are mediated by modulation of RNA splicing.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Expression Level of HIV-1 Vif Can Be Fluctuated by Natural Nucleotide Variations in theFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Article
- Global synonymous mutagenesis identifies cis-acting RNA elements that regulate HIV-1 splicing and replication.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- Characterizing HIV-1 Splicing by Using Next-Generation Sequencing.Journal of virology · 2017Article
- Balanced splicing at the Tat-specific HIV-1 3'ss A3 is critical for HIV-1 replication.Retrovirology · 2015Article
- A functional conserved intronic G run in HIV-1 intron 3 is critical to counteract APOBEC3G-mediated host restriction.Retrovirology · 2014Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The synthesis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) mRNAs is a complex process by which more than 30 different mRNA species are produced by alternative splicing of a single primary RNA transcript. HIV-1 splice sites are used with significantly different efficiencies, resulting in different levels of mRNA species in infected cells. Splicing of Tat mRNA, which is present at relatively low levels in infected cells, is repressed by the presence of exonic splicing silencers (ESS) within the two tat coding exons (ESS2 and ESS3). These ESS elements contain the consensus sequence PyUAG. Here we show that the efficiency of splicing at 3' splice site A2, which is used to generate Vpr mRNA, is also regulated by the presence of an ESS (ESSV), which has sequence homology to ESS2 and ESS3. Mutagenesis of the three PyUAG motifs within ESSV increases splicing at splice site A2, resulting in increased Vpr mRNA levels and reduced skipping of the noncoding exon flanked by A2 and D3. The increase in Vpr mRNA levels and the reduced skipping also occur when splice site D3 is mutated toward the consensus sequence. By in vitro splicing assays, we show that ESSV represses splicing when placed downstream of a heterologous splice site. A1, A1(B), A2, and B1 hnRNPs preferentially bind to ESSV RNA compared to ESSV mutant RNA. Each of these proteins, when added back to HeLa cell nuclear extracts depleted of ESSV-binding factors, is able to restore splicing repression. The results suggest that coordinate repression of HIV-1 RNA splicing is mediated by members of the hnRNP A/B protein family.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.