ArticleNucleic acids research2001
Composition and arrangement of genes define the strength of IRES-driven translation in bicistronic mRNAs.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 84 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
84 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Current Practice in Bicistronic IRES Reporter Use: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
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- DB-IRES: a deep learning model based on ensemble learning for predicting internal ribosome entry sites.BMC bioinformatics · 2026Article
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- Quantifying the Acute Toxicity of Alpha-Synuclein Membrane-Accumulation in a Cell-Based Assay.Research square · 2026Article
- A novelFrontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- IRESeek: structure-informed deep learning method for accurate identification of internal ribosome entry sites in circular RNAs.NAR genomics and bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Optogenetic control of PLC-γ1 activity polarizes cell motility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Guidelines for minimal reporting requirements, design and interpretation of experiments involving the use of eukaryotic dual gene expression reporters (MINDR).Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Review
- Customizable gene sensing and response without altering endogenous coding sequences.Nature chemical biology · 2025Article
- A Review on Circular RNA Translation and Its Implications in Disease.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2025Review
- Gene therapy for epilepsy targeting neuropeptide Y and its Y2 receptor to dentate gyrus granule cells.EMBO reports · 2024Article
- Unveiling genetic variants: Tetra-primer ARMS-PCR diagnosis and structural insights into BLAD, BC, and DUMPS in Pakistani cattle herds.Molecular biology reports · 2024Article
- DeepIRES: a hybrid deep learning model for accurate identification of internal ribosome entry sites in cellular and viral mRNAs.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2024Article
- A dual-color PAX7 and MYF5 in vivo reporter to investigate muscle stem cell heterogeneity in regeneration and aging.Stem cell reports · 2024Article
- Harnessing synthetic biology for advancing RNA therapeutics and vaccine design.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2023Review
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24 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In addition to the cap-dependent mechanism, eukaryotic initiation of translation can occur by a cap-independent mechanism which directs ribosomes to defined start codons enabled by internal ribosome entry site (IRES) elements. IRES elements from poliovirus and encephalomyocarditis virus are often used to construct bi- or oligocistronic expression vectors to co-express various genes from one mRNA. We found that while cap-dependent translation initiation from bicistronic mRNAs remains comparable to monocistronic expression, internal initiation mediated by these viral IRESs is often very inefficient. Expression of bicistronic expression vectors containing the hepatitis B virus core antigen (HBcAg) together with various cytokines in the second cistron of bicistronic mRNAs gave rise to very low levels of the tested cytokines. On the other hand, the HBcAg was well expressed when positioned in the second cistron. This suggests that the arrangement of cistrons in a bicistronic setting is crucial for IRES-dependent translation of the second cistron. A systematic examination of expression of reporter cistrons from bicistronic mRNAs with respect to position was carried out. Using the dual luciferase assay system we show that the composition of reading frames on a bicistronic mRNA and the order in which they are arranged define the strength of IRES-dependent translation. Although the cellular environment and the nature of the IRES element influence translation strength the dominant determinant is the nature and the arrangement of cistrons on the mRNA.
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