ReviewJournal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia2001
Epigenetic downregulation of the retinoic acid receptor-beta2 gene in breast cancer.
Review in Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the interactions of antihistamine with retinoic acid receptor beta (RARB) by molecular dynamics simulations and genome-wide meta-analysis.Journal of molecular graphics & modelling · 2023Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Individualised progesterone receptor modulator prevention strategies for triple-negative breast cancer in BRCA1 pathogenic variant carriers.NPJ breast cancer · 2026Review
- Article
- Single Cell Omics of Breast Cancer: An Update on Characterization and Diagnosis.Indian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2019Review
- Isolation and characterization of a new naturally immortalized human breast carcinoma cell line, KAIMRC1.BMC cancer · 2017Article
- Epigenetic basis of cancer health disparities: Looking beyond genetic differences.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer · 2017Review
- Nuclear retinoid receptors and pregnancy: placental transfer, functions, and pharmacological aspects.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2016Review
- Blocking the PAH2 domain of Sin3A inhibits tumorigenesis and confers retinoid sensitivity in triple negative breast cancer.Oncotarget · 2016Article
- Epigenetic variations in breast cancer progression to lymph node metastasis.Clinical & experimental metastasis · 2015Article
- An Unexpected Mode Of Binding Defines BMS948 as A Full Retinoic Acid Receptor β (RARβ, NR1B2) Selective Agonist.PloS one · 2015Article
- Retinoic acid reduces migration of human breast cancer cells: role of retinoic acid receptor beta.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2014Article
- All trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) induces re-differentiation of early transformed breast epithelial cells.International journal of oncology · 2014Article
- Molecular and cellular heterogeneity in breast cancer: challenges for personalized medicine.The American journal of pathology · 2013Review
- Efficacy of the dietary histone deacetylase inhibitor butyrate alone or in combination with vitamin A against proliferation of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologica · 2012Article
- Whole blood DNA aberrant methylation in pancreatic adenocarcinoma shows association with the course of the disease: a pilot study.PloS one · 2012Article
- Association of Cigarette Smoking with Aberrant Methylation of the Tumor Suppressor Gene RARβ2 in Papillary Thyroid Cancer.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2011Article
- Messenger RNA expression and methylation of candidate tumor-suppressor genes and risk of ovarian cancer-a case-control analysis.International journal of molecular epidemiology and genetics · 2010Article
- Metabolism and regulation of gene expression by 4-oxoretinol versus all-trans retinoic acid in normal human mammary epithelial cells.Journal of cellular physiology · 2009Article
- An adamantyl-substituted retinoid-derived molecule that inhibits cancer cell growth and angiogenesis by inducing apoptosis and binds to small heterodimer partner nuclear receptor: effects of modifying its carboxylate group on apoptosis, proliferation, and protein-tyrosine phosphatase activity.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
A growing body of evidence supports the hypothesis that the retinoic acid receptor beta2 (RAR-beta2) gene is a tumor suppressor gene which induces apoptosis and that the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of retinoids are due to induction of RAR-beta2. During breast cancer progression, RAR-beta2 is reduced or even lost. It is known from studies of other tumor-suppressor genes that methylation of the 5'-region is the cause of loss of expression. Several groups demonstrated that this is also true for the RAR-beta2 in breast cancer by treating breast cancer cell lines with a demethylating agent and examining expression of the RAR-beta2 gene in response to a challenge with retinoic acid. Studies using sodium bisulfite genomic sequencing as well as methylation specific PCR showed that a number of breast cancer cell lines as well as breast cancer tissue showed signs of methylation. The RAR-beta2 gene was unmethylated in non-neoplastic breast tissue as well as in other normal tissues. A combination of retinoic acid with demethylating agents as well as with histone deacetylase inhibitors acts synergistically to inhibit growth. This review presents data that suggest that treatment of cancer patients with demethylating agents followed by retinoic acid may offer a new therapeutic modality. Both the time of commencement of chemoprevention and the choice of substances that are able either to prevent de novo methylation or to reverse methylation-caused gene silencing may be important considerations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.