ReviewInternational journal of experimental pathology2001
The functions of cytokines and their uses in toxicology.
Review in International journal of experimental pathology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Intake ofNutrients · 2021Trial
- Combined IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment enhances the susceptibility of breast cancer cells and spheroids to Natural Killer cell-mediated killing.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Interaction of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccines with renin angiotensin aldosterone system, clinical outcomes, and angiotensin (1-7) as a physiological treatment recommendation: hypothesis and theory article.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Nigella sativa oil attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in experimental myocardial infarction.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2024Article
- Are comorbidities associated with the cytokine/chemokine profile of persistent apical periodontitis?Clinical oral investigations · 2023Article
- Reversing the Inflammatory Process-25 Years of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Inhibitors.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Growth performance, nutrient digestibility, intestinal morphology, cecal mucosal cytokines and serum antioxidant responses of broiler chickens to dietary enzymatically treated yeast and coccidia challenge.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2023Article
- Recent and future perspectives on engineering interferons and other cytokines as therapeutics.Trends in biochemical sciences · 2023Review
- A Preliminary Study of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Depression Following West Nile Virus Infection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Immobilized Antimicrobial Peptides on Growth Performance, Serum Biochemical Index, Inflammatory Factors, Intestinal Morphology, and Microbial Community in Weaning Pigs.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Evolution of γ chain cytokines: Mechanisms, methods and applications.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
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- Astilbe Chinensis ethanol extract suppresses inflammation in macrophages via NF-κB pathway.BMC complementary medicine and therapies · 2020Article
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- Human corneal cell culture models for drug toxicity studies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2016Review
- Comparison of Effect of Two-Hour Exposure to Forest and Urban Environments on Cytokine, Anti-Oxidant, and Stress Levels in Young Adults.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2016Article
- Immunotoxicity assessment of rice-derived recombinant human serum albumin using human peripheral blood mononuclear cells.PloS one · 2014Article
- Optimal method to stimulate cytokine production and its use in immunotoxicity assessment.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2013Article
- Guiding the vaginal microbicide trials with biomarkers of inflammation.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2004Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytokines are critical controllers of cell, and hence tissue, growth, migration, development and differentiation. The family includes the inflammatory cytokines such as the interleukins and interferons, growth factors such as epidermal and hepatocyte growth factor and chemokines such as the macrophage inflammatory proteins, MIP-1alpha and MIP-1beta. They do not include the peptide and steroid hormones of the endocrine system. Cytokines have important roles in chemically induced tissue damage repair, in cancer development and progression, in the control of cell replication and apoptosis, and in the modulation of immune reactions such as sensitization. They have the potential for being sensitive markers of chemically induced perturbations in function but from a toxicological point of view, the detection of cytokine changes in the whole animal is limited by the fact that they are locally released, with plasma measures being generally unreliable or irrelevant, and they have short half lives which require precise timing to detect. Even where methodology is adequate the interpretation of the downstream effects of high, local concentrations of a particular cytokine is problematic because of their interdependence and the pleiotropism of their action. A range of techniques exist for their measurement including those dependent upon antibodies specific for the respective cytokines, but with the introduction of genomic and proteomic technology, a more complete study of cytokine changes occurring under the influence of chemical toxicity should be possible. Their further study, as markers of chemical toxicity, will undoubtedly lead to a greater understanding of how synthetic molecules perturb normal cell biology and if, and how, this can be avoided by more intuitive molecular design in the future.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.