ArticleThe American journal of pathology2001
The perifollicular and marginal zones of the human splenic white pulp : do fibroblasts guide lymphocyte immigration?
Article in The American journal of pathology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Cancer Targeting by Nanoparticles Revealed a Global Association between Accumulation in Tumors and Spleen.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Pooled it
- Vascular adhesion protein-1 promotes liver inflammation and drives hepatic fibrosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2015Trial
- Macrophage heterogeneity in human secondary lymphoid organs.Clinical science (London, England : 1979) · 2026Review
- Human Peripheral B Cell Subsets: Evolving notions about B cell biology and the broad relevance of B cells in disease.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Tumor-Induced Rewiring of Splenic Niches: from Immune Organ to Cancer Accomplice.International journal of biological sciences · 2026Review
- Clinical relevance of the compartments and lymphocyte subsets in the human spleen.Cell and tissue research · 2025Article
- Emerging Role of Splenic Macrophage in Malaria Pathogenesis and Immunity.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2025Review
- Engineering human immune organoids for translational immunology.Bioactive materials · 2025Review
- Malaria Elimination in Africa: Rethinking Strategies forTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Review
- Characterization of Lymphocyte Subsets in Lymph Node and Spleen Sections in Fatal Pediatric Malaria.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- The perifollicular zone of the spleen as a distributor and filter of blood components.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2021Article
- Development of humanized mouse and rat models with full-thickness human skin and autologous immune cells.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- The human spleen as the center of the blood defense system.International journal of hematology · 2020Review
- Identification of a Prognostic Immune Signature for Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma to Predict Survival and Inflammatory Landscapes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- Article
- Dissecting Integrin Expression and Function on Memory B Cells in Mice and Humans in Autoimmunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Article
- Macrophage Depletion Mitigates Platelet Aggregate Formation in Splenic Marginal Zone and Alleviates LPS-Associated Thrombocytopenia in Rats.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Article
- Expression of mucosal addressin cell adhesion molecule-1 on the reticular framework between white pulp and the marginal zone in the human spleen.Journal of clinical and experimental hematopathology : JCEH · 2019Article
- Locating human splenic capillary sheaths in virtual reality.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus infection induces lymphoid fibrosis in the BM-liver-thymus-spleen humanized mouse model.JCI insight · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We investigate the white pulp compartments of 73 human spleens and demonstrate that there are several microanatomical peculiarities in man that do not occur in rats or mice. Humans lack a marginal sinus separating the marginal zone (MZ) from the follicles or the follicular mantle zone. The MZ is divided into an inner and an outer compartment by a special type of fibroblasts. An additional compartment, termed the perifollicular zone, is present between the follicular MZ and the red pulp. The perifollicular zone contains sheathed capillaries and blood-filled spaces without endothelial lining. In the perifollicular zone, in the outer MZ, and in the T cell zone fibroblasts of an unusual phenotype occur. These cells stain for the adhesion molecules MAdCAM-1, VCAM-1 (CD106), and VAP-1; the Thy-1 (CD90) molecule; smooth muscle alpha-actin and smooth muscle myosin; cytokeratin 18; and thrombomodulin (CD141). They are, however, negative for the peripheral node addressin, the cutaneous lymphocyte antigen, CD34, PECAM-1 (CD31), and P- and E-selectin (CD62P and CD62E). In the MZ the fibroblasts are often tightly associated with CD4-positive T lymphocytes, whereas CD8-positive cells are almost absent. Our findings lead to the hypothesis, that recirculating CD4-positive T lymphocytes enter the human splenic white pulp from the open circulation of the perifollicular zone without crossing an endothelium. Specialized fibroblasts may attract these T cells and guide them into the periarteriolar T cell area.
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