ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Enhanced synthesis of choline and glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 189 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Compatible Solute Variation and Stress Adaptation in Native Qatari Plants: Focus on Proline.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A Comprehensive Functional Analysis ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Advances in the Biosynthetic Regulation and Functional Mechanisms of Glycine Betaine for Enhancing Plant Stress Resilience.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Deciphering the role of glycine betaine in enhancing plant performance and defense mechanisms against environmental stresses.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Integrated transcriptome and metabolome analysis of salinity tolerance in response to foliar application of choline chloride in rice (Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Drought Stress Tolerance in Vegetables: The Functional Role of Structural Features, Key Gene Pathways, and Exogenous Hormones.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction, Non-Targeted LC-QTOF-MS Based Metabolomics Data, and Evaluation of Anticancer Activity ofMetabolites · 2023Article
- Orchestrated Response of Intracellular Zwitterionic Metabolites in Stress Adaptation of the Halophilic Heterotrophic BacteriumMarine drugs · 2022Article
- Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Qi-Invigorating Effects in Traditional Medicine: Network Pharmacology-Based Study on the Unique Functions of Qi-Invigorating Herb Group.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Integrative omics approaches revealed a crosstalk among phytohormones during tuberous root development in cassava.Plant molecular biology · 2022Article
- From By-Products to Fertilizer: Chemical Characterization Using UPLC-QToF-MS via Suspect and Non-Target Screening Strategies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Effects of Organic Biostimulants Added with Zeolite on Zucchini Squash Plants Infected by Tomato Leaf Curl New Delhi Virus.Viruses · 2022Article
- Complete genome sequencing and comparative CAZyme analysis of Rhodococcus sp. PAMC28705 and PAMC28707 provide insight into their biotechnological and phytopathogenic potential.Archives of microbiology · 2021Article
- Cloning and Functional Identification of Phosphoethanolamine Methyltransferase in Soybean (Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- A Mass Spectrometry-Based Study Shows that Volatiles Emitted byMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- Functional Characterization and Evolutionary Analysis of Glycine-Betaine Biosynthesis Pathway in Red SeaweedMarine drugs · 2019Article
- Spatial and Temporal Profile of Glycine Betaine Accumulation in Plants Under Abiotic Stresses.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Review
- Transcriptional enhancement of a bacterialPlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- NMR-based metabolomic profiling ofRoyal Society open science · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Choline (Cho) is the precursor of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine and is itself an essential nutrient for humans. Metabolic engineering of Cho biosynthesis in plants could therefore enhance both their resistance to osmotic stresses (drought and salinity) and their nutritional value. The key enzyme of the plant Cho-synthesis pathway is phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase, which catalyzes all three of the methylations required to convert phosphoethanolamine to phosphocholine. We show here that overexpressing this enzyme in transgenic tobacco increased the levels of phosphocholine by 5-fold and free Cho by 50-fold without affecting phosphatidylcholine content or growth. Moreover, the expanded Cho pool led to a 30-fold increase in synthesis of glycine betaine via an engineered glycine betaine pathway. Supplying the transgenics with the Cho precursor ethanolamine (EA) further enhanced Cho levels even though the supplied EA was extensively catabolized. These latter results establish that there is further scope for improving Cho synthesis by engineering an increased endogenous supply of EA and suggest that this could be achieved by enhancing EA synthesis and/or by suppressing its degradation.
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