ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Regulation of myostatin activity and muscle growth.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 661 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
661 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 1,583 citations in OpenAlex.
- Myostatin Modulation in Spinal Muscular Atrophy: A Systematic Review of Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Hypoxic Signaling in Skeletal Muscle Maintenance and Regeneration: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- Cardiac rehabilitation influences serum myokine levels in patients after acute coronary syndrome: the randomised CARDIO-REH study.Scientific reports · 2025Trial
- GDF8 and activin A are the key negative regulators of muscle mass in postmenopausal females: a randomized phase I trial.Nature communications · 2025Trial
- PasteurizedNutrients · 2024Trial
- Review
- Genome-Wide Characterization of the Myostatin Gene (MSTN) Ligand-Receptor System and Its Expression Patterns Associated with Growth Variation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Age-dependent musculoskeletal changes during mechanical unloading with bisphosphonate treatment.Bone · 2026Article
- The Effects of Dietary Fiber and High-Dietary-Fiber Diets on Body Weight Regulation and Lipid Metabolism in Athletes: A Narrative Review.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Myostatin in fish: current understanding of its characterization, function, and signaling pathways.Fish physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Age-Dependent Effect of Myostatin Blockade in theMuscles (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Putting the brakes on muscle growth: Myostatin as regulator of disuse atrophy.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Review
- Accumulation of membrane repair-associated proteins and mature myostatin are novel markers of muscle pathophysiology in Pompe disease.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
- Active immunization against myostatin and activin A improves skeletal muscle performance in growth hormone-deficient mice.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Biomarkers of Sarcopenia: Current Status and Future Perspectives.Aging medicine (Milton (N.S.W)) · 2026Review
- Exerkine dysregulation links visceral adiposity to skeletal muscle impairment in end-stage heart failure with reduced ejection fraction: proteomic evidence for a cardio-adipose-muscle axis.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2026Article
- Association of the skeletal muscle mass-to-visceral fat area ratio with cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study based on NHANES.Eating and weight disorders : EWD · 2026Article
- ActIIR inhibition improves motor outcome and preserves muscle fibers after experimental autoimmune neuritis.Acta neuropathologica communications · 2026Article
601 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Myostatin is a transforming growth factor-beta family member that acts as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle mass. To identify possible myostatin inhibitors that may have applications for promoting muscle growth, we investigated the regulation of myostatin signaling. Myostatin protein purified from mammalian cells consisted of a noncovalently held complex of the N-terminal propeptide and a disulfide-linked dimer of C-terminal fragments. The purified C-terminal myostatin dimer was capable of binding the activin type II receptors, Act RIIB and, to a lesser extent, Act RIIA. Binding of myostatin to Act RIIB could be inhibited by the activin-binding protein follistatin and, at higher concentrations, by the myostatin propeptide. To determine the functional significance of these interactions in vivo, we generated transgenic mice expressing high levels of the propeptide, follistatin, or a dominant-negative form of Act RIIB by using a skeletal muscle-specific promoter. Independent transgenic mouse lines for each construct exhibited dramatic increases in muscle mass comparable to those seen in myostatin knockout mice. Our findings suggest that the propeptide, follistatin, or other molecules that block signaling through this pathway may be useful agents for enhancing muscle growth for both human therapeutic and agricultural applications.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.