ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
A polymorphic dinucleotide repeat in the rat nucleolin gene forms Z-DNA and inhibits promoter activity.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
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Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Alexidine, identified as a Z-DNA inducer by the NanoZ screening platform, acts as a transcriptional regulator.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- A Statistical Framework to Infer the Mutation Model of Tandem Repeat Variants.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Discovering, Integrating, and Reinterpreting the Molecular Logic of Life: From Classical Theories of Heredity to an Extended Functional Perspective on the Central Dogma.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Association Between the (GT)26 Allele in the GRIN2A Promoter and Opioid Use Disorder.Psychiatry investigation · 2025Article
- Fitness landscapes of human microsatellites.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Short Tandem Repeats in the era of next-generation sequencing: from historical loci to population databases.European journal of human genetics : EJHG · 2024Review
- Polymorphic short tandem repeats make widespread contributions to blood and serum traits.Cell genomics · 2023Article
- Interplay Between Polymorphic Short Tandem Repeats and Gene Expression Variation in Caenorhabditis elegans.Molecular biology and evolution · 2023Article
- Dynamic alternative DNA structures in biology and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2023Review
- Article
- Mapping short tandem repeats for liver gene expression traits helps prioritize potential causal variants for complex traits in pigs.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Revisiting tandem repeats in psychiatric disorders from perspectives of genetics, physiology, and brain evolution.Molecular psychiatry · 2022Review
- STRs: Ancient Architectures of the Genome beyond the Sequence.Journal of molecular neuroscience : MN · 2021Review
- Discovery of widespread transcription initiation at microsatellites predictable by sequence-based deep neural network.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Article
- The impact of short tandem repeat variation on gene expression.Nature genetics · 2019Article
- Tandem repeats mediating genetic plasticity in health and disease.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2018Review
- Effects on gene expression and behavior of untagged short tandem repeats: the case of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (AVPR1a) and externalizing behaviors.Translational psychiatry · 2018Article
- Functional Mechanisms of Microsatellite DNA in Eukaryotic Genomes.Genome biology and evolution · 2017Review
- Microsatellite polymorphisms associated with human behavioural and psychological phenotypes including a gene-environment interaction.BMC medical genetics · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Many sequences in eukaryotic genomes have the potential to adopt a left-handed Z-DNA conformation. We used a previously described assay based on the binding of a mAb to Z-DNA to inquire whether Z-DNA is formed in the rat nucleolin (Ncl) gene in metabolically active, permeabilized nuclei. Using real-time PCR to measure Z-DNA formation, the potential Z-DNA sequence element Z1 [(CA)(10)(CG)(8)] in the promoter region was found to be enriched 571- to 4,040-fold in different cell lines, whereas Z2 [AC(GC)(5)CCGT(CG)(2)] in the first intron was enriched 12- to 34-fold. Ncl promoter activity was 1.5- to 16-fold stronger than that of the simian virus 40 promoter and enhancer. This activity was further increased 36-54% when Z1 was deleted. The inhibitory effect of Z1 on Ncl promoter activity was independent of location and orientation. The Ncl Z1 element is identical to the genetic marker D9Arb5. Five allelic variants of Z1 were identified by sequence analysis of genomic DNA from various rats. The two most common alleles differed significantly (up to 27%) in their capacity to inhibit Ncl promoter activity. This finding suggests that differences in Z-DNA formation by polymorphic dinucleotide repeats may be one of the factors contributing to genetic variation.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.