ReviewImmunologic research2001
Antigen-specific responses in autoimmunity and tolerance.
Review in Immunologic research, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 17 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of a fit-for-purpose assay to monitor antigen-specific functional CD4+ T-cell subpopulations in rheumatoid arthritis using flow cytometry-based peptide-MHC class-II tetramer staining.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Article
- Murine myeloid cell MCPIP1 suppresses autoimmunity by regulating B-cell expansion and differentiation.Disease models & mechanisms · 2021Article
- Elevated double negative T cells in pediatric autoimmunity.Journal of clinical immunology · 2014Article
- Breaking tolerance to thyroid antigens: changing concepts in thyroid autoimmunity.Endocrine reviews · 2014Review
- Review on autoimmune reactions in female infertility: antibodies to follicle stimulating hormone.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- The use of phage display to distinguish insulin autoantibody (IAA) from insulin antibody (IA) idiotypes.Diabetologia · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autoantibodies to the hormone insulin arise spontaneously in the insulin autoimmune syndrome and in the prodrome of type I diabetes. Further, administration of insulin to individuals without autoimmune disease routinely results in antibodies that bind autologous hormone. These observations suggest that physiological levels of hormones, such as insulin, are below critical thresholds for signaling tolerance induction, a state termed clonal ignorance. In contrast, studies from our laboratory on the genetic origins and structure of V genes used by insulin antibodies suggest that the anti-insulin repertoire is tightly regulated. We have shown that B cells in mice harboring an insulin antibody transgene are functionally silenced. These findings verify that tolerance is active for small molecules, even when they are present at low concentrations. Despite active tolerance, insulin antibodies are sustained in the repertoire of normal animals by several mechanisms, including activation by TI antigen signals, unique display of conformational epitopes, and the recruitment of B cells previously selected by responses to other antigens. This essay reviews our current understanding of escape pathways for anti-insulin B cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.