ArticleThe Journal of experimental medicine2001
Subspecialization of CXCR5+ T cells: B helper activity is focused in a germinal center-localized subset of CXCR5+ T cells.
Article in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 305 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
305 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 617 citations in OpenAlex.
- The soldiers needed to be awakened: Tumor-infiltrating immune cells.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Targeting T follicular helper cells for lifelong health.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2026Review
- Regulation of follicular helper T cell subset differentiation in health and disease.Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- NK cell immunotherapy after analytic treatment interruption is associated with HIV viral control.Molecular therapy. Advances · 2026Article
- Article
- Multiplex engineering of rhesus macaque NK cells enhances homing to sites of HIV replication in B cell follicles.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Identifying the master regulator Bcl6 and its archrival Blimp1 for T follicular helper lineage differentiation.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2026Article
- Prefusion-stabilized Hantaan virus glycoprotein nucleic acid vaccine elicits potent neutralizing antibody responses via germinal center activation.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fibroblast diversity within human gut-associated lymphoid tissues.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2026Article
- Divergent phenotypic and functional roles of human T follicular helper cells from infancy to adulthood.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of T cell-mediated antitumor immunity within tertiary lymphoid structures.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Function of follicular helper 17 T cells in driving B cells for anti-DNA autoantibody production in patients with SLE.Lupus science & medicine · 2025Article
- Multimodal analysis definesbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Optimal CXCR5 expression during Tfh maturation involves the Bhlhe40-Pou2af1 axis.Cell reports · 2025Article
- NK cell immunotherapy administered at the time of HIV recrudescence is associated with viral control.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Bcl6 expression is associated with a distinct immune landscape and spatial transcriptome in COVID-19.JCI insight · 2025Article
- CD11c+ Tbet+ B cells constrain obesity- and vaccination-induced germinal center B cells and T helper cells.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Functional Role of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms on IFNG and IFNGR1 in Humans with Cardiovascular Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- CXCL13/CXCR5: a new target for pain treatment.International journal of surgery (London, England) · 2025Review
245 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The T helper (Th) cell pool is composed of specialized cells with heterogeneous effector functions. Apart from Th1 and 2 cells, CXCR5+ T cells have been suggested to be another type of effector T cell specialized for B cell help. We show here that CXCR5+ T cells are heterogeneous, and we identify subsets of CXCR5+ CD4 T cells that differ in function and microenvironmental localization in secondary lymphoid tissues. CD57+CXCR5 T cells, hereafter termed germinal center Th (GC-Th) cells, are localized only in GCs, lack CCR7, and are highly responsive to the follicular chemokine B lymphocyte chemoattractant but not to the T cell zone EBI1-ligand chemokine. Importantly, GC-Th cells are much more efficient than CD57-CXCR5+ T cells or CXCR5- T cells in inducing antibody production from B cells. Consistent with their function, GC-Th cells produce elevated levels of interleukin 10 upon stimulation which, with other cytokines and costimulatory molecules, may help confer their B cell helper activity. Our results demonstrate that CXCR5+ T cells are functionally heterogeneous and that the GC-Th cells, a small subset of CXCR5+ T cells, are the key helpers for B cell differentiation and antibody production in lymphoid tissues.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.