ArticleGut2001
Low socioeconomic class is a risk factor for upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms: a population based study in 15 000 Australian adults.
Article in Gut, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 156 citations in OpenAlex.
- Guideline
- Chronic constipation: A review of literature.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Epidemiology of constipation in Europe and Oceania: a systematic review.BMC gastroenterology · 2008Pooled it
- Trial
- Animal Models of Slow-Transit Constipation: Current Progress, Limitations, and Future Perspectives.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Review
- Food Insecurity and Gastrointestinal Health: Examining Links Between Food Security, Constipation, and Diarrhea in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Article
- Association between increased microbiota awareness and lower gastrointestinal symptom severity: a cross-sectional analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Unravelling the spine-gut-pain connection: chronic musculoskeletal pain and digestive dysfunction in a large-scale population-based cohort of 110,685 individuals.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2026Article
- Constipation in Older Adults: Pathophysiology, Clinical Impact, and Management Strategies.Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Cross-trait genomic and sequential analyses of multiple omics datasets identified shared genetic components for the gut-eye axis.Human genomics · 2026Article
- Socio-Economic Determinants and Regional Prevalence of Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in the Netherlands: Results From the Rome Foundation Global Epidemiology Study.Neurogastroenterology and motility · 2026Article
- Metabolomics Insights into Gut Microbiota and Functional Constipation.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Gastrointestinal symptoms in abused nonpatient women.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Risk of cardiovascular disease after hospital-diagnosed overweight or obesity.Endocrine connections · 2024Article
- Psychological, behavioural and biological factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in autistic adults and adults with autistic traits.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2023Article
- State of the Art Bowel Management for Pediatric Colorectal Problems: Functional Constipation.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Association between socioeconomic deprivation and incidence of infectious intestinal disease by pathogen and linked transmission route: An ecological analysis in the UK.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Association of laxatives use with incident dementia and modifying effect of genetic susceptibility: a population-based cohort study with propensity score matching.BMC geriatrics · 2023Article
- Socioeconomic and ethnic inequalities in incidence and severity of enteric fever in England 2015-2019: analysis of a national enhanced surveillance system.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction in a National Cohort of Children With Down Syndrome.Journal of neurogastroenterology and motility · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe association of social class with health has been extensively studied, yet relationships between social class and gastrointestinal symptoms remain almost unexplored.
aimsTo examine relationships between social class and gastrointestinal symptoms in a population sample.
methodsThe prevalence of 16 troublesome gastrointestinal symptoms was determined by a postal questionnaire sent to 15 000 subjects (response rate 60%) and compared with a validated composite measure of socioeconomic status (index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage). Comparisons across social class were explored for five symptom categories (oesophageal symptoms; upper dysmotility symptoms; bowel symptoms; diarrhoea; and constipation). Results are reported as age standardised rate ratios with the most advantaged social class as the reference category.
resultsThere were clear trends for the prevalence rates of all gastrointestinal symptoms to increase with decreasing social class. These trends were particularly strong for the five symptom categories. Lower social class was associated with a significantly (p<0.0001) higher number of symptoms reported overall and with a higher proportion of individuals reporting 1-2 symptoms and more than five symptoms. In both sexes, the most pronounced effects for subjects in the lowest social class were found for constipation (males: rate ratio 1.83 (95% confidence intervals (CI) 1.16-2.51); females: rate ratio 1.68 (95% CI 1.31-2.04)) and upper dysmotility symptoms (males: rate ratio 1.45 (95% CI 1.02-1.88); females: rate ratio 1.35 (95% CI 1.07-1.63)). Oesophageal symptoms and diarrhoea were not associated with social class.
conclusionsTroublesome gastrointestinal symptoms are linked to socioeconomic status with more symptoms reported by subjects in low socioeconomic classes. Low socioeconomic class should be considered a risk factor for both upper and lower gastrointestinal symptoms.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.