ArticleThe EMBO journal2001
Role of the non-homologous DNA end joining pathway in the early steps of retroviral infection.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 207 papers.
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Who cites it
207 citing papers in PubMed, 357 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Bloom syndrome helicase is required for efficient HIV-1 reverse transcription in macrophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Host Factors Promoting the LTR Retrotransposon Life Cycle in Plant Cells: Current Knowledge and Future Directions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Lentiviral Vectors: From Wild-Type Viruses to Efficient Multi-Functional Delivery Vectors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- CPSF6 promotes HIV-1 preintegration complex function.Journal of virology · 2025Article
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- The nuclear localization signal of CPSF6 governs post-nuclear import steps of HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
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- The nuclear localization signal of CPSF6 governs post-nuclear import steps of HIV-1 infection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
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- Structural rearrangements in the nucleus localize latent HIV proviruses to a perinucleolar compartment supportive of reactivation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Spatiotemporal binding of cyclophilin A and CPSF6 to capsid regulates HIV-1 nuclear entry and integration.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus exploits the DNA damage response to circularize its genome.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- PTEN Mediates the Silencing of Unintegrated HIV-1 DNA.Viruses · 2024Article
- Monitoring HIV-1 Nuclear Import Kinetics Using a Chemically Induced Nuclear Pore Blockade Assay.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- The Integrase: An Overview of a Key Player Enzyme in the Antiviral Scenario.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- GRL-142 binds to and impairs HIV-1 integrase nuclear localization signal and potently suppresses highly INSTI-resistant HIV-1 variants.Science advances · 2023Article
- The HIV-1 capsid core is an opportunistic nuclear import receptor.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Review
147 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Early after infection, the retroviral RNA genome is reverse transcribed to generate a linear cDNA copy, then that copy is integrated into a chromosome of the host cell. We report that unintegrated viral cDNA is a substrate for the host cell non-homologous DNA end joining (NHEJ) pathway, which normally repairs cellular double-strand breaks by end ligation. NHEJ activity was found to be required for an end-ligation reaction that circularizes a portion of the unintegrated viral cDNA in infected cells. Consistent with this, the NHEJ proteins Ku70 and Ku80 were found to be bound to purified retroviral replication intermediates. Cells defective in NHEJ are known to undergo apoptosis in response to retroviral infection, a response that we show requires reverse transcription to form the cDNA genome but not subsequent integration. We propose that the double-strand ends present in unintegrated cDNA promote apoptosis, as is known to be the case for chromosomal double-strand breaks, and cDNA circularization removes the pro-apoptotic signal.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.