ArticlePharmaceutical research2001
Flurbiprofen enantiomers inhibit inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in RAW 264.7 macrophages.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- Design and synthesis of enantiopure NHC-silver(i) and NHC-gold(i) complexes with anticancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.RSC medicinal chemistry · 2025Article
- Triphenyltin(IV) Carboxylates with Exceptionally High Cytotoxicity against Different Breast Cancer Cell Lines.Biomolecules · 2023Article
- Long-Circulating Lipid Nanospheres Loaded with Flurbiprofen Axetil for Targeted Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2023Article
- Design of Targeted Flurbiprofen Biomimetic Nanoparticles for Management of Arthritis: In Vitro and In Vivo Appraisal.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Lack of enantiomeric influence on the brain cytoprotective effect of ibuprofen and flurbiprofen.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2011Article
- Inhibition of amyloidogenesis by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and their hybrid nitrates.Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2011Article
- NO-flurbiprofen reduces amyloid-beta, is neuroprotective in cell culture, and enhances cognition in response to cholinergic blockade.Journal of neurochemistry · 2009Article
- Malarial pigment haemozoin, IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-1beta and LPS do not stimulate expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and production of nitric oxide in immuno-purified human monocytes.Malaria journal · 2007Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeUsing RAW 264.7 macrophages, the present study investigates the influence of optically pure enantiomers of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug flurbiprofen on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression.
methodsiNOS and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) mRNA levels were measured by quantitative real-time reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Concentrations of nitrite (index of cellular NO production) and prostaglandin E2 (index of COX-2 activity) in cell culture supernatants were determined by Griess assay and enzyme immunoassay, respectively.
resultsR(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen decreased LPS-induced iNOS mRNA and nitrite levels in an equipotent and concentration-dependent manner. Suppression of iNOS mRNA expression by R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen was gene-specific in that both substances failed to inhibit LPS-induced COX-2 mRNA expression. By contrast, flurbiprofen enantiomers suppressed LPS-induced prostaglandin E2 formation enantioselectively with S(+)-flurbiprofen being considerably more potent than its R(-)-antipode.
conclusionsOur results show that R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen, albeit differing in their potency as inhibitors of COX-2 activity, equipotently suppress iNOS expression. Because sustained high NO levels are associated with pain and tissue injury under various pathological conditions, a suppression of the inducible NO pathway may contribute to the pharmacological action of both R(-)- and S(+)-flurbiprofen.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.