ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Traversal of Candida albicans across human blood-brain barrier in vitro.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed.
- A mechanistic framework linking the oral microbiome to Alzheimer's disease through neuroinflammation.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2026Review
- Streptococcus suis disrupts the blood-brain barrier through inducing ubiquitin-proteasome-mediated degradation of KAT2A.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Exploring the role of infectious pathogens in Alzheimer's disease neuroinflammation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Macropinocytosis mediates neurotropism ofResearch square · 2025Article
- Microbial links to Alzheimer's disease.PLoS pathogens · 2025Review
- Neuroinflammation in fungal infections: from pathogen recognition to pathological manifestations.Disease models & mechanisms · 2025Review
- Nano-chitosan hydrogel alleviates Candida albicans-induced health alterations in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus): antioxidant response, neuro-behaviors, hepato-renal functions, and histopathological investigation.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Six Decades of Dopamine Hypothesis: Is Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor the New D2?Reports (MDPI) · 2023Review
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- CouldJournal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Neuroinflammation in neurodegenerationFrontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- In vitro infection models to study fungal-host interactions.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- Mechanisms of fungal dissemination.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2021Review
- The Neurotropic Black YeastCells · 2020Article
- Review
- Microglia and amyloid precursor protein coordinate control of transient Candida cerebritis with memory deficits.Nature communications · 2019Article
- CNS infection and immune privilege.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2018Review
- Innate Immune and Fungal Model of Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease reports · 2018Review
- Nipah Virus Infection of Immature Dendritic Cells Increases Its Transendothelial Migration Across Human Brain Microvascular Endothelial Cells.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Differential Behavior of Non-Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen, which primarily affects neonates and immunocompromised individuals. The pathogen can invade the central nervous system, resulting in meningitis. At present, the pathogenesis of C. albicans meningitis is unclear. We used an in vitro model of the human blood-brain barrier to investigate the interaction(s) of C. albicans with human brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMEC). Binding of C. albicans to human BMEC was time and inoculum dependent. Invasion of C. albicans into human BMEC was demonstrated by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on fluorescent staining of C. albicans with calcoflour. In contrast, avirulent Candida mutant strains and nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were not able to bind and invade human BMEC. Morphological studies revealed that on association with human BMEC, C. albicans formed germ tubes and was able to bud intracellularly. Transmission electron microscopy showed various stages of C. albicans interactions with human BMEC, e.g., pseudopod-like structures on human BMEC membrane and intracellular vacuole-like structures retaining C. albicans. Of interest, C. albicans was able to bud and develop pseudohyphae inside human BMEC without apparent morphological changes of the host cells. In addition, C. albicans penetrates through human BMEC monolayers without a detectable change in transendothelial electrical resistance and inulin permeability. This is the first demonstration that C. albicans is able to adhere, invade, and transcytose across human BMEC without affecting monolayer integrity. A complete understanding of the interaction(s) of C. albicans with human BMEC should contribute to the understanding of the pathogenic mechanism(s) of C. albicans meningitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.