ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2001
Genotypic and phenotypic resistance patterns of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants with insertions or deletions in the reverse transcriptase (RT): multicenter study of patients treated with RT inhibitors.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 66 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk factors and outcomes for the Q151M and T69 insertion HIV-1 resistance mutations in historic UK data.AIDS research and therapy · 2018Article
- NucAmino: a nucleotide to amino acid alignment optimized for virus gene sequences.BMC bioinformatics · 2017Article
- HIV-1 drug resistance and resistance testing.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Review
- Molecular epidemiology of HIV in a cohort of men having sex with men from Istanbul.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2013Article
- Review
- Thymidine analogue excision and discrimination modulated by mutational complexes including single amino acid deletions of Asp-67 or Thr-69 in HIV-1 reverse transcriptase.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2011Article
- Case report of the rare deletion at codon 69 of reverse transcriptase in a South African HIV-1 subtype C infected patient.Virus genes · 2010Article
- Comparison of the Mechanisms of Drug Resistance among HIV, Hepatitis B, and Hepatitis C.Viruses · 2010Article
- Clinical and genotypic findings in HIV-infected patients with the K65R mutation failing first-line antiretroviral therapy in Nigeria.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2009Article
- Ninety-nine is not enough: molecular characterization of inhibitor-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease mutants with insertions in the flap region.Journal of virology · 2008Article
- Relative fitness and replication capacity of a multinucleoside analogue-resistant clinical human immunodeficiency virus type 1 isolate with a deletion of codon 69 in the reverse transcriptase coding region.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1: resistance to nucleoside analogues and replicative capacity in primary human macrophages.Journal of virology · 2007Article
- Evidence for the acquisition of multi-drug resistance in an HIV-1 clinical isolate via human sequence transduction.Virology · 2006Article
- Functional correlation between a novel amino acid insertion at codon 19 in the protease of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 and polymorphism in the p1/p6 Gag cleavage site in drug resistance and replication fitness.Journal of virology · 2006Article
- Real-time PCR quantification of genital shedding of herpes simplex virus (HSV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in women coinfected with HSV and HIV.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2006Article
- Insertions in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease and reverse transcriptase genes: clinical impact and molecular mechanisms.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2005Review
- Increased multinucleoside drug resistance and decreased replicative capacity of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variant with an 8-amino-Acid insert in the reverse transcriptase.Journal of virology · 2005Article
- Molecular mechanisms of tenofovir resistance conferred by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase containing a diserine insertion after residue 69 and multiple thymidine analog-associated mutations.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Article
- Effects of dipeptide insertions between codons 69 and 70 of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase on primer unblocking, deoxynucleoside triphosphate inhibition, and DNA chain elongation.Journal of virology · 2003Article
- Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 11 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Genomic rearrangements in the 5' part of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) have been involved in multidrug resistance to nucleoside RT inhibitors (NRTI). We carried out a retrospective, multicenter study to investigate the prevalence, variability, and phenotypic consequences of such rearrangements. Data concerning the HIV-1 RT genotype and the biological and clinical characteristics of NRTI-treated patients were collected from 10 virology laboratories. Sensitivities of the different HIV-1 variants to RT inhibitors were analyzed in a single-cycle recombinant virus assay. Fifty-two of 2,152 (2.4%) RT sequences had a rearrangement in the 5' part of the RT, with an extensive molecular variation. The number of codons inserted between positions 68 and 69 ranged from 1 (3 samples) or 2 (41 samples) to 5 and 11 in one case each. In four cases, codon 67 was deleted. High levels of phenotypic resistance to zidovudine (AZT), lamivudine (3TC), stavudine (d4T), abacavir (ABC), and didanosine (ddI) were found in 95, 92, 72, 62, and 15% of the 40 samples analyzed, respectively. Resistance to AZT, d4T, and ABC could be found in the absence of the T215Y/F mutations. Resistance to 3TC could develop in the absence of specific mutations. Low-level resistance to ddI was noticed in 40% of the patients. The deletions of codon 67 seemed to have little effect on NRTI sensitivity. Most of the rearrangements were shown to contribute to cross-resistance to NRTI. The results regarding susceptibility to ddI raise the question of the interpretation of the phenotypic data concerning this drug.
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