ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2001
Prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in patients treated for asthma in primary care: cross sectional survey.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 56 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dysfunctional Breathing: Multidimensional Characterisation and Assessment Tool
Impact of Respiratory Rehabilitation on Quality of Life, Measures by the SF-36 Score, in Patients With Hyperventilation Syndrome: Crossover, Prospective and Randomized Study
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Breathing exercises for adults with asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Breathing exercises for children with asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2016Pooled it
- Breathing exercises for dysfunctional breathing/hyperventilation syndrome in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Impact of breathing frequency on respiratory oscillometry measurements: a randomised cross-over and observational study of asthma patients.BMJ open respiratory research · 2026Trial
- Novel Real-Time OEP Phase Angle Feedback System for Dysfunctional Breathing Pattern Training-An Acute Intervention Study.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Trial
- The BREATHE study: Breathing REtraining for Asthma--Trial of Home Exercises. a protocol summary of a randomised controlled trial.Primary care respiratory journal : journal of the General Practice Airways Group · 2013Trial
- Double blind randomised controlled trial of two different breathing techniques in the management of asthma.Thorax · 2006Trial
- Effect of two breathing exercises (Buteyko and pranayama) in asthma: a randomised controlled trial.Thorax · 2003Trial
- Breathing retraining for dysfunctional breathing in asthma: a randomised controlled trial.Thorax · 2003Trial
- Breathing pattern disorder: assessment and diagnosis.ERJ open research · 2026Review
- Article
- Physiotherapy Education and Breathing Retraining for Patients With Hyperventilation Syndrome: An Observational Study.Physiotherapy Canada. Physiotherapie Canada · 2026Article
- Optimal Treatment for Dysfunctional Breathing in Adults: An International Delphi Study.Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 2026Article
- Living with breathing pattern disorder: a scoping review.NPJ primary care respiratory medicine · 2026Article
- The Turkish Version of the Self Evaluation of Breathing Questionnaire: Cross-cultural Adaptation, Validity and Reliability.Applied psychophysiology and biofeedback · 2026Article
- Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing in Dysfunctional Breathing: A Case Series of Five Young Women.Respirology case reports · 2025Article
- Validity study of the Japanese version of the Nijmegen Questionnaire for verifying dysfunctional breathing in Japanese asthma patients.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Article
- Experiences of Diagnosis, Symptoms, and Use of Reliever Inhalers in Patients With Asthma and Concurrent Inducible Laryngeal Obstruction or Breathing Pattern Disorder: Qualitative Analysis of a UK Asthma Online Community.Journal of medical Internet research · 2023Article
- Functional respiratory complaints among COVID-19 survivors: a prospective cohort study.ERJ open research · 2023Article
- Validity and Reliability of the Turkish Version of the Nijmegen Questionnaire in Asthma.Thoracic research and practice · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesTo estimate the prevalence of dysfunctional breathing in adults with asthma treated in the community.
designPostal questionnaire survey using Nijmegen questionnaire.
settingOne general practice with 7033 patients.
participantsAll adult patients aged 17-65 with diagnosed asthma who were receiving treatment.
main outcome measureScore >/=23 on Nijmegen questionnaire.
results227/307 patients returned completed questionnaires; 219 (71.3%) questionnaires were suitable for analysis. 63 participants scored >/=23. Those scoring >/=23 were more likely to be female than male (46/132 (35%) v 17/87 (20%), P=0.016) and were younger (mean (SD) age 44.8 (14.7) v 49.0 (13.8, (P=0.05). Patients at different treatment steps of the British Thoracic Society asthma guidelines were affected equally.
conclusionsAbout a third of women and a fifth of men had scores suggestive of dysfunctional breathing. Although further studies are needed to confirm the validity of this screening tool and these findings, these prevalences suggest scope for therapeutic intervention and may explain the anecdotal success of the Buteyko method of treating asthma.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.