ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Granzymes A and B directly cleave lamins and disrupt the nuclear lamina during granule-mediated cytolysis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 167 citations in OpenAlex.
- Nα-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone and Nα-p-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone are potent inhibitors of β-amyloid-induced lamin fragmentation.GeroScience · 2026Article
- Activated T cell extracellular vesicle DNA transfer enhances antigen presentation and anti-tumor immunity.Cancer cell · 2026Article
- Is the Association of Granzyme B and the Exported Parasite Hsp70 a Possible Trojan Horse of Severe Malaria?Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Article
- Exploring the involvement of serine proteases in neutrophil extracellular traps: a review of mechanisms and implications.Cell death & disease · 2025Review
- Granzyme B and melittin in cancer immunotherapy: molecular mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in head and neck cancers.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- GZMA suppressed GPX4-mediated ferroptosis to improve intestinal mucosal barrier function in inflammatory bowel disease.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2024Article
- Granzyme serine proteases in inflammation and rheumatic diseases.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2024Review
- Decoding the mechanisms of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell-mediated killing of tumors: insights from granzyme and Fas inhibition.Cell death & disease · 2024Article
- Non-mutational neoantigens in disease.Nature immunology · 2024Review
- Granzymes in health and diseases: the good, the bad and the ugly.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Review
- Role of the granzyme family in rheumatoid arthritis: Current Insights and future perspectives.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Review
- Regulatory role of cathepsin L in induction of nuclear laminopathy in Alzheimer's disease.Aging cell · 2022Article
- All About (NK Cell-Mediated) Death in Two Acts and an Unexpected Encore: Initiation, Execution and Activation of Adaptive Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Pathologic tau conformer ensembles induce dynamic, liquid-liquid phase separation events at the nuclear envelope.BMC biology · 2021Article
- Cytotoxic T cells are able to efficiently eliminate cancer cells by additive cytotoxicity.Nature communications · 2021Article
- Noncytotoxic functions of killer cell granzymes in viral infections.PLoS pathogens · 2021Review
- Oxidative and Non-Oxidative Antimicrobial Activities of the Granzymes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) induce apoptosis by engaging death receptors or by exocytosis of cytolytic granules containing granzyme (Gzm) proteases and perforin. The lamins, which maintain the structural integrity of the nuclear envelope, are cleaved by caspases during caspase-mediated apoptosis. Although death receptor engagement and GzmB activate caspases, CTL also induce apoptosis during caspase blockade. Both GzmA and GzmB directly and efficiently cleave laminB in vitro, in situ in isolated nuclei and in cells loaded with perforin and Gzms, even in the presence of caspase inhibitors. LaminB is cleaved by GzmA at concentrations of 3 nM, but GzmB is 50 times less active. GzmA cuts laminB at R392; GzmB cuts at the caspase VEVD231 site. Characteristic laminB fragments generated by Gzm proteolysis also are observed during CTL lysis, even in the presence of caspase inhibitors or in cells overexpressing bcl-2. Lamins A/C are direct substrates of GzmA, but not GzmB. GzmA and GzmB therefore directly target critical caspase substrates in caspase-resistant cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.