ArticleThe EMBO journal2001
SNAREs are concentrated in cholesterol-dependent clusters that define docking and fusion sites for exocytosis.
Article in The EMBO journal, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 281 papers.
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Who cites it
281 citing papers in PubMed, 674 citations in OpenAlex.
- Disruption of dopamine transmission by cholesterol depletion is associated with alterations in protein lipid raft partitioning and actin dynamics.Neuropharmacology · 2026Article
- Article
- Munc18 binds to and organizes membrane-bound acceptor Q-SNARE complexes in a fashion that depends on the membrane's lipid composition.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Unraveling Lysosomal Exocytosis: From Molecular Mechanisms to Physiological Functions.Traffic (Copenhagen, Denmark) · 2026Review
- Munc18 modulates syntaxin phase separation to promote exocytosis.Nature neuroscience · 2026Article
- Assessing the Potential of NGF-Differentiated PC12 Cells as a Model for Synaptic Transmission.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Structural remodeling of target-SNARE protein complexes by NSF enables synaptic transmission.Nature communications · 2025Article
- PI(4,5)PBiochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular and cell biology of lipids · 2025Review
- Structural remodeling of target-SNARE protein complexes by NSF enables synaptic transmission.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Syntaxin clusters and cholesterol affect the mobility of Syntaxin1a.Biophysical journal · 2025Article
- Lipid metabolism in the adrenal gland.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Synaptobrevin2 monomers and dimers differentially engage to regulate the functional trans-SNARE assembly.Life science alliance · 2024Article
- Phospholipase D1 produces phosphatidic acid at sites of secretory vesicle docking and fusion.Molecular biology of the cell · 2024Article
- Article
- Mechanisms of SNARE proteins in membrane fusion.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2024Review
- Lipid remodeling in acrosome exocytosis: unraveling key players in the human sperm.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2024Review
- Article
- EHD2 regulates plasma membrane integrity and downstream insulin receptor signaling events.Molecular biology of the cell · 2023Article
- Chromogranin A and its derived peptides: potential regulators of cholesterol homeostasis.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2023Review
- Requirement of Cholesterol for Calcium-Dependent Vesicle Fusion by Strengthening Synaptotagmin-1-Induced Membrane Bending.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
221 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During exocytosis, SNARE proteins of secretory vesicles interact with the corresponding SNARE proteins in the plasmalemma to initiate the fusion reaction. However, it is unknown whether SNAREs are uniformly distributed in the membrane or whether specialized fusion sites exist. Here we report that in the plasmalemma, syntaxins are concentrated in 200 nm large, cholesterol-dependent clusters at which secretory vesicles preferentially dock and fuse. The syntaxin clusters are distinct from cholesterol-dependent membrane rafts since they are Triton X-100-soluble and do not co-patch with raft markers. Synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP)-25 is also clustered in spots, which partially overlap with syntaxin. Cholesterol depletion causes dispersion of these clusters, which is associated with a strong reduction in the rate of secretion, whereas the characteristics of individual exocytic events are unchanged. This suggests that high local concentrations of SNAREs are required for efficient fusion.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.