ArticleClinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology2001
Oral administration of influenza vaccine in combination with the adjuvants LT-K63 and LT-R72 induces potent immune responses comparable to or stronger than traditional intramuscular immunization.
Article in Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Repeated oral exposure to H5N1 influenza virus in pasteurized milk does not cause adverse responses to subsequent influenza infection.Science advances · 2025Article
- Development of mucosal vaccine delivery: an overview on the mucosal vaccines and their adjuvants.Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2022Review
- Adjuvants: Classification, Modus Operandi, and Licensing.Journal of immunology research · 2016Review
- Effects of different routes of administration on the immunogenicity of the Tat protein and a Tat-derived peptide.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2015Article
- Oral vaccination with inactivated influenza vaccine induces cross-protective immunity.Vaccine · 2012Article
- Novel approaches to vaccine delivery.Pharmaceutical research · 2004Review
- Recent advances in the discovery and delivery of vaccine adjuvants.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mucosal immunization strategies are actively being pursued in the hopes of improving the efficacy of vaccines against the influenza virus. Our group investigated the oral immunization of mice via intragastric gavage with influenza hemagglutinin (HA) combined with mutant Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxins K63 (LT-K63) and R72 (LT-R72). These oral immunizations resulted in potent serum antibody and HA inhibition titers, in some cases stronger than those obtained with traditional intramuscular administration, in addition to HA-specific immunoglobulin A in the saliva and nasal secretions. This study demonstrates that it may be possible to develop effective oral influenza vaccines.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.