ArticleJournal of clinical microbiology2001
Use of subgenic 18S ribosomal DNA PCR and sequencing for genus and genotype identification of acanthamoebae from humans with keratitis and from sewage sludge.
Article in Journal of clinical microbiology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 252 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
252 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 596 citations in OpenAlex.
- A history of over 40 years of potentially pathogenic free-living amoeba studies in Brazil - a systematic review.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba in keratitis: a systematic review.Parasitology research · 2021Pooled it
- High prevalence ofParasite epidemiology and control · 2026Article
- Molecular identification and genotype distribution of Acanthamoeba in environmental water.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Molecular epidemiology of Acanthamoeba in human infections and environmental reservoirs in India.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Ecological Niche Modeling of Acanthamoeba in Türkiye.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Genetic Classification of a Novel Genotype of the GenusTropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Article
- Nested PCR as a superior diagnostic method for Acanthamoeba keratitis compared to conventional techniques.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Molecular and Culture-Based Surveillance of Free-Living Amoebae in Human Related Sources in an Outermost Region.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Contamination of medical devices and hospital environments with free-living amoebae: Evidence from hospitals in Northwestern Iran.PloS one · 2026Article
- High Occurrence of Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae in Arid Environments.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The Microbial Trojan Horse and Antimicrobial Resistance: Acanthamoeba as an Environmental Reservoir for Multidrug Resistant Bacteria.Environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Molecular Typing ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Molecular Species Identification and Genotyping of Free-Living Amoebae in Soil of Recreational Mountain Areas in the Babiogórski National Park and Surroundings, Southern Poland.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Complicated Diagnosis and Treatment of Rare PainlessJournal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Molecular evidence for trichomonads and acanthamoebae in cloacal samples of synanthropic waterfowl.Parasitology research · 2025Article
- Meta-Transcriptomic Response to Copper Corrosion in Drinking Water Biofilms.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- High Diversity and Prevalence of Potentially Pathogenic Free-Living Amoebae in Water Sources from Castilla y León, Spain.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
192 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
This study identified subgenic PCR amplimers from 18S rDNA that were (i) highly specific for the genus Acanthamoeba, (ii) obtainable from all known genotypes, and (iii) useful for identification of individual genotypes. A 423- to 551-bp Acanthamoeba-specific amplimer ASA.S1 obtained with primers JDP1 and JDP2 was the most reliable for purposes i and ii. A variable region within this amplimer also identified genotype clusters, but purpose iii was best achieved with sequencing of the genotype-specific amplimer GTSA.B1. Because this amplimer could be obtained from any eukaryote, axenic Acanthamoeba cultures were required for its study. GTSA.B1, produced with primers CRN5 and 1137, extended between reference bp 1 and 1475. Genotypic identification relied on three segments: bp 178 to 355, 705 to 926, and 1175 to 1379. ASA.S1 was obtained from single amoeba, from cultures of all known 18S rDNA genotypes, and from corneal scrapings of Scottish patients with suspected Acanthamoeba keratitis (AK). The AK PCR findings were consistent with culture results for 11 of 15 culture-positive specimens and detected Acanthamoeba in one of nine culture-negative specimens. ASA.S1 sequences were examined for 6 of the 11 culture-positive isolates and were most closely associated with genotypic cluster T3-T4-T11. A similar distance analysis using GTSA.B1 sequences identified nine South African AK-associated isolates as genotype T4 and three isolates from sewage sludge as genotype T5. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of 18S ribosomal DNA PCR amplimers ASA.S1 and GTSA.B1 for Acanthamoeba-specific detection and reliable genotyping, respectively, and provide further evidence that T4 is the predominant genotype in AK.
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