ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2001
Inhibition of intramacrophage growth of Penicillium marneffei by 4-aminoquinolines.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clean Synthesis of N-4-Alkylamino-7-chloroquinoline Cyclic Imides: Influence of Lipophilicity on Antibacterial and Ecotoxicological Properties.Chemistry & biodiversity · 2026Article
- Side Chain Effects on the Lipophilicity-antimicrobial-toxicity Correlation of Greener 4-Alkoxy/Amino-7-Chloroquinolines.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Differential innate immune responses of human macrophages and bronchial epithelial cells againstmSphere · 2023Article
- An Overlooked and Underrated Endemic Mycosis-Talaromycosis and the Pathogenic Fungus Talaromyces marneffei.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2023Review
- Antiparasitic Drugs against SARS-CoV-2: A Comprehensive Literature Survey.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Review
- Novel amodiaquine derivatives potently inhibit Ebola virus infection.Antiviral research · 2018Article
- Adaptation to macrophage killing byFuture science OA · 2017Review
- Mp1p Is a Virulence Factor in Talaromyces (Penicillium) marneffei.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2016Article
- Identification of fungicidal 2,6-disubstituted quinolines with activity against Candida biofilms.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2012Article
- Fungal adaptation to the mammalian host: it is a new world, after all.Current opinion in microbiology · 2008Review
- Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century.International journal of antimicrobial agents · 2007Review
- Penicillium marneffei infection and recent advances in the epidemiology and molecular biology aspects.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2006Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The antimicrobial activities of chloroquine (CQ) and several 4-aminoquinoline drugs were tested against Penicillium marneffei, an opportunistic fungus that invades and grows inside macrophages and causes disseminated infection in AIDS patients. Human THP1 and mouse J774 macrophages were infected in vitro with P. marneffei conidia and treated with different doses of drugs for 24 to 48 h followed by cell lysis and the counting of P. marneffei CFU. CQ and amodiaquine exerted a dose-dependent inhibition of fungal growth, whereas quinine and artemisinin were fungistatic and not fungicidal. The antifungal activity of CQ was not due to an impairment of fungal iron acquisition in that it was not reversed by the addition of iron nitrilotriacetate, FeCl3, or iron ammonium citrate. Perl's staining indicated that CQ did not alter the ability of J774 cells to acquire iron from the medium. Most likely, CQ's antifungal activity is due to an increase in the intravacuolar pH and a disruption of pH-dependent metabolic processes. Indeed, we demonstrate that (i) bafilomycin A1 and ammonium chloride, two agents known to alkalinize intracellular vesicles by different mechanisms, were inhibitory as well and (ii) a newly synthesized 4-amino-7-chloroquinoline molecule (compound 9), lacking the terminal amino side chain of CQ that assists in drug accumulation, did not inhibit P. marneffei growth. These results suggest that CQ has a potential for use in prophylaxis of P. marneffei infections in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in countries where P. marneffei is endemic.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.