ArticleImmunology2001
Immunization onto bare skin with heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli enhances immune responses to coadministered protein and peptide antigens and protects mice against lethal toxin challenge.
Article in Immunology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunogenicity in humans of a transdermal multipeptide melanoma vaccine administered with or without a TLR7 agonist.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2021Trial
- Hib Vaccines: Past, Present, and Future Perspectives.Journal of immunology research · 2016Review
- Sphingolipids and antimicrobial peptides: function and roles in atopic dermatitis.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2013Review
- Transcutaneous antigen delivery system.BMB reports · 2013Review
- Distinctive immunomodulatory and inflammatory properties of the Escherichia coli type II heat-labile enterotoxin LT-IIa and its B pentamer following intradermal administration.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Temperature-induced protein release from water-in-oil-in-water double emulsions.Langmuir : the ACS journal of surfaces and colloids · 2008Article
- Epicutaneous immunization converts subsequent and established antigen-specific T helper type 1 (Th1) to Th2-type responses.Immunology · 2006Article
- Effect of skin barrier disruption on immune responses to topically applied cross-reacting material, CRM(197), of diphtheria toxin.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Transcutaneous immunization induces mucosal CTLs and protective immunity by migration of primed skin dendritic cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2004Article
- The LTR72 mutant of heat-labile enterotoxin of Escherichia coli enhances the ability of peptide antigens to elicit CD4(+) T cells and secrete gamma interferon after coapplication onto bare skin.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Transcutaneous immunization using colonization factor and heat-labile enterotoxin induces correlates of protective immunity for enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli.Infection and immunity · 2002Article
- Article
- Langerhans cells as targets for immunotherapy against skin cancer.Immunology and cell biologyReview
- Transcutaneous immunization with cytotoxic T-cell peptide epitopes provides effective antitumor immunity in mice.Journal of immunotherapy (Hagerstown, Md. : 1997)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study, the potential of the bare skin as a non-invasive route for vaccination was examined. Following application of heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) of Escherichia coli onto bare skin of BALB/c mice, strong serum anti-LT antibody responses were observed, and mucosal immunoglobulin A (IgA) and IgG antibodies were measured in vagina washes. In addition, LT enhanced the serum and mucosal antibody and proliferative T-cell responses to the model protein antigen beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) when coadministered onto bare skin, highlighting its potential to exert an adjuvant effect. When a peptide representing a T-helper epitope (aa 307-319) from the haemagglutinin of influenza virus was applied onto bare skin with LT or cholera toxin (CT), it primed effectively peptide- and virus-specific T cells, as measured in vitro by the interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion assay. LT was shown to be as immunogenic as CT. Binding activity to GM1 gangliosides was essential for effective induction of anti-CT serum and mucosal antibody responses. Finally, mice immunized onto bare skin with LT were protected against intraperitoneal challenge with a lethal dose of the homologous toxin. These findings give further support to a growing body of evidence on the potential of skin as a non-invasive route for vaccine delivery. This immunization strategy might be advantageous for vaccination programmes in Third World countries, because administration by this route is simple, painless and economical.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.