ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Coinfection with Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of human granulocytic ehrlichiosis alters murine immune responses, pathogen burden, and severity of Lyme arthritis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 60 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
60 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Potential effects of mixed infections in ticks on transmission dynamics of pathogens: comparative analysis of published records.Experimental & applied acarology · 2008Pooled it
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- Differential Impact of Simultaneous or Sequential Coinfections WithInternational journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Clinical canineCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2025Article
- Co-infection dynamics ofInfection and immunity · 2024Article
- Frequency of Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Borrelia spp., and coinfections in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected from dogs and cats in Germany.Parasites & vectors · 2024Article
- Meta-analysis of tick-borne and other pathogens: Co-infection or co-detection? That is the question.Current research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2024Review
- Dynamics of co-infection in fish: A review of pathogen-host interaction and clinical outcome.Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2023Article
- Tick-Borne Co-Infections: Challenges in Molecular and Serologic Diagnoses.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
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- Detection of multiple tick-borne pathogens inCurrent research in parasitology & vector-borne diseases · 2023Article
- Transmission Cycle of Tick-Borne Infections and Co-Infections, Animal Models and Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
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- Human Co-Infections betweenPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The environment, the tick, and the pathogen - It is an ensemble.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Lyme disease and human granulocytic ehrlichiosis (HGE) are tick-borne illnesses caused by Borrelia burgdorferi and the agent of HGE, respectively. We investigated the influence of dual infection with B. burgdorferi and the HGE agent on the course of murine Lyme arthritis and granulocytic ehrlichiosis. Coinfection resulted in increased levels of both pathogens and more severe Lyme arthritis compared with those in mice infected with B. burgdorferi alone. The increase in bacterial burden during dual infection was associated with enhanced acquisition of both organisms by larval ticks that were allowed to engorge upon infected mice. Coinfection also resulted in diminished interleukin-12 (IL-12), gamma interferon (IFN-gamma), and tumor necrosis factor alpha levels and elevated IL-6 levels in murine sera. During dual infection, IFN-gamma receptor expression on macrophages was also reduced, implying a decrease in phagocyte activation. These results suggest that coinfection of mice with B. burgdorferi and the HGE agent modulates host immune responses, resulting in increased bacterial burden, Lyme arthritis, and pathogen transmission to the vector.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.