ArticleInfection and immunity2001
C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE is immunodominant but its antigenicity is scarcely conserved among strains of Lyme disease spirochetes.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Developing a durable, memory-driven, CspZ-targeting Lyme disease vaccine by rational adjuvant selection.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Develop a durable, memory-driven, CspZ-targeting Lyme disease vaccine by rationale adjuvant selection.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Characterizing the impact of intracutaneous dissemination on host responses duringFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into the structure-based design of a CspZ-targeting Lyme disease vaccine.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into structure-based design of a Lyme disease subunit vaccine.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Development of an mRNA-lipid nanoparticle vaccine against Lyme disease.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2023Article
- CspZ FH-Binding Sites as Epitopes Promote Antibody-Mediated Lyme Borreliae Clearance.Infection and immunity · 2022Article
- Laboratory Diagnosis of Lyme Borreliosis.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2021Review
- New Zealand White Rabbits Effectively Clear Borrelia burgdorferi B31 despite the Bacterium's FunctionalInfection and immunity · 2019Article
- Antibody Response to Lyme Disease Spirochetes in the Context of VlsE-Mediated Immune Evasion.Infection and immunity · 2017Article
- vls Antigenic Variation Systems of Lyme Disease Borrelia: Eluding Host Immunity through both Random, Segmental Gene Conversion and Framework Heterogeneity.Microbiology spectrum · 2014Review
- Article
- Persistence of Borrelia burgdorferi in rhesus macaques following antibiotic treatment of disseminated infection.PloS one · 2012Article
- Serum antibodies to whole-cell and recombinant antigens of Borrelia burgdorferi in cottontail rabbits.Journal of wildlife diseases · 2012Article
- Epitope mapping of antibodies to VlsE protein of Borrelia burgdorferi in post-Lyme disease syndrome.Clinical immunology (Orlando, Fla.) · 2011Article
- Effect of Borrelia burgdorferi genotype on the sensitivity of C6 and 2-tier testing in North American patients with culture-confirmed Lyme disease.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2008Article
- Dominant epitopes of the C6 diagnostic peptide of Borrelia burgdorferi are largely inaccessible to antibody on the parent VlsE molecule.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes that harbor only a portion of the lp28-1 plasmid elicit antibody responses detectable with the C6 test for Lyme disease.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2007Article
- Use of Peptide library screening to detect a previously unknown linear diagnostic epitope: proof of principle by use of lyme disease sera.Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology · 2005Article
- Borrelia burgdorferi changes its surface antigenic expression in response to host immune responses.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
VlsE, the variable surface antigen of Borrelia burgdorferi, contains two invariable domains located at the amino and carboxyl terminal ends, respectively, and a central variable domain. In this study, both immunogenicity and antigenic conservation of the C-terminal invariable domain were assessed. Mouse antiserum to a 51-mer synthetic peptide (Ct) which reproduced the entire sequence of the C-terminal invariable domain of VlsE from B. burgdorferi strain B31 was reacted on immunoblots with whole-cell lysates extracted from spirochetes of 12 strains from the B. burgdorferi sensu lato species complex. The antiserum recognized only VlsE from strain B31, indicating that epitopes of this domain differed among these strains. When Ct was used as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antigen, all of the seven monkeys and six mice that were infected with B31 spirochetes produced a strong antibody response to this peptide, indicating that the C-terminal invariable domain is immunodominant. None of 12 monkeys and only 11 of 26 mice that were infected with strains other than B31 produced a detectable anti-Ct response, indicating a limited antigenic conservation of this domain among these strains. Twenty-six of 33 dogs that were experimentally infected by tick inoculation were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 5 of 18 serum samples from dogs clinically diagnosed with Lyme disease contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. Fifty-seven of 64 serum specimens that were collected from American patients with Lyme disease were positive by the Ct ELISA, while only 12 of 21 European samples contained detectable anti-Ct antibody. In contrast, antibody to the more conserved invariable region IR(6) of VlsE was present in all of these dog and human serum samples.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.