ArticleInfection and immunity2001
Interleukin-4 is essential for the control of microfilariae in murine infection with the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 61 citations in OpenAlex.
- Host environment shapes filarial parasite fitness and Wolbachia endosymbionts dynamics.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Emergent and Neglected Equine Filariosis in Egypt: Species Diversity and Host Immune Response.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Unbalanced Arginine pathway and altered maturation of pleural macrophages in Th2-deficient mice duringFrontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Human filariasis-contributions of the Litomosoides sigmodontis and Acanthocheilonema viteae animal model.Parasitology research · 2021Review
- The immune response of inbred laboratory mice to Litomosoides sigmodontis: A route to discovery in myeloid cell biology.Parasite immunology · 2020Review
- S100A8/S100A9 deficiency increases neutrophil activation and protective immune responses against invading infective L3 larvae of the filarial nematode Litomosoides sigmodontis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2020Article
- Susceptibility to L. sigmodontis infection is highest in animals lacking IL-4R/IL-5 compared to single knockouts of IL-4R, IL-5 or eosinophils.Parasites & vectors · 2019Article
- Chronic helminth infection burden differentially affects haematopoietic cell development while ageing selectively impairs adaptive responses to infection.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Onchocerca volvulus: The Road from Basic Biology to a Vaccine.Trends in parasitology · 2018Review
- Immunoprophylaxis of multi-antigen peptide (MAP) vaccine for human lymphatic filariasis.Immunologic research · 2017Article
- Allergic Sensitization Underlies Hyperreactive Antigen-Specific CD4+ T Cell Responses in Coincident Filarial Infection.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Article
- Development of patent Litomosoides sigmodontis infections in semi-susceptible C57BL/6 mice in the absence of adaptive immune responses.Parasites & vectors · 2015Article
- Article
- Differential tissular distribution of Litomosoides sigmodontis microfilariae between microfilaremic and amicrofilaremic mice following experimental infection.Parasite (Paris, France) · 2012Article
- IL-4(-/-) mice with lethal Mesocestoides corti infections--reduced Th2 cytokines and alternatively activated macrophages.Parasite immunology · 2009Article
- Of mice, cattle, and humans: the immunology and treatment of river blindness.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2008Review
- Lack of eosinophil peroxidase or major basic protein impairs defense against murine filarial infection.Infection and immunity · 2006Article
- Increased early local immune responses and altered worm development in high-dose infections of mice susceptible to the filaria Litomosoides sigmodontis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2005Article
- Chitinase and Fizz family members are a generalized feature of nematode infection with selective upregulation of Ym1 and Fizz1 by antigen-presenting cells.Infection and immunity · 2005Article
- Interleukin-10 (IL-10) counterregulates IL-4-dependent effector mechanisms in Murine Filariasis.Infection and immunity · 2004Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Litomosoides sigmodontis is the only filaria which develops from infective larvae into microfilaria-producing adults in immunocompetent laboratory mice. In this study we report that interleukin-4 knockout (IL-4 KO) mice have an up to 100-fold-higher and a significantly prolonged microfilaremia compared to wild-type BALB/c mice, as well as 20 times more microfilariae in the thoracic cavity, the site of infection. While worm development and adult worm persistence were equivalent in IL-4 KO and wild-type mice, the fertility and length of adult female worms in IL-4 KO mice was clearly enhanced. The high susceptibility to microfilariae in IL-4 KO mice required the presence of adult worms in a full infection cycle since microfilariae loads did not differ much between IL-4 KO and wild-type mice when purified microfilariae were injected into mice. In addition, we found that eosinophilia was diminished and immunoglobulin E (IgE) was absent in IL-4 KO mice. IgE, however, does not seem to be the essential factor for microfilarial containment since microfilaremia was not elevated in B-cell KO mice. In conclusion, IL-4 is shown for the first time to be essential for the control of microfilarial loads but not of adult worm loads in a fully permissive murine filarial infection. IL-4 dependent effector pathways seem to operate on adult worms rather than directly on microfilariae.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.