ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Role of tumor-host interactions in interstitial diffusion of macromolecules: cranial vs. subcutaneous tumors.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 214 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
214 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Collagenase-mediated extracellular matrix targeting for enhanced drug penetration and therapeutic efficacy in nanoscale delivery systems for cancer therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond the dose: a clearance-enabled in vitro platform for evaluating local therapies.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Multiple Myeloma-Derived Cellular Lipids Enhance Targeting and Efficacy of Nanoliposome Formulations In Vitro.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Mechanistic modeling of tumor immune microenvironment reveals strategies to enhance antibody-drug conjugates' efficacy.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2026Article
- Homomultimeric FAP Inhibitor-Based Radioligands for Cancer Theranostics: Design Principles, Structure-Function Relationships, and Preclinical Performance.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- A multiphysics computational model of focused ultrasound-enhanced drug delivery using temperature-sensitive liposomes.Biomechanics and modeling in mechanobiology · 2026Article
- Microrobotic copper-rich electrochemical interfacing for targeted cancer theranostics in the gut.Science advances · 2026Article
- Antibody-Drug Conjugates in Breast Cancer: Therapeutic-Window Engineering, Tumor Heterogeneity, and Immunotherapy Combinations.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Review
- Physicochemical design of nanobiomaterials in oncology: structure-to-function principles for sequential transport and delivery.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Type IV Collagen-Targeting Nanoparticles for Efficient Delivery to the Renal Interstitium in Fibrotic Kidneys.Current drug delivery · 2026Article
- The role of environmentally mediated drug resistance in facilitating the spatial distribution of residual disease.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Overcoming Biological Barriers in Cancer Therapy: Cell Membrane-Based Nanocarrier Strategies for Precision Delivery.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Modeling of chemo-radiotherapy targeting growing vascular tumors: A continuum-level approach.PloS one · 2025Article
- Gene expression profile in colon cancer therapeutic resistance and its relationship with the tumor microenvironment.Frontiers in bioinformatics · 2025Article
- Fixation alters the physical properties of tumor tissue that regulate nanomedicine transport.Drug delivery · 2024Article
- Membranes on the move: The functional role of the extracellular vesicle membrane for contact-dependent cellular signalling.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2024Review
- Mathematical modeling of intratumoral immunotherapy yields strategies to improve the treatment outcomes.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Non-invasive assessment for intratumoural distribution of interstitial fluid flow.Magnetic resonance letters · 2023Article
- Intratumoral nanofluidic system enhanced tumor biodistribution of PD-L1 antibody in triple-negative breast cancer.Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023Article
- Expanding the applicability of multiphoton fluorescence recovery after photobleaching by incorporating shear stress in laminar flow.Journal of biomedical optics · 2023Article
154 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The large size of many novel therapeutics impairs their transport through the tumor extracellular matrix and thus limits their therapeutic effectiveness. We propose that extracellular matrix composition, structure, and distribution determine the transport properties in tumors. Furthermore, because the characteristics of the extracellular matrix largely depend on the tumor-host interactions, we postulate that diffusion of macromolecules will vary with tumor type as well as anatomical location. Diffusion coefficients of macromolecules and liposomes in tumors growing in cranial windows (CWs) and dorsal chambers (DCs) were measured by fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. For the same tumor types, diffusion of large molecules was significantly faster in CW than in DC tumors. The greater diffusional hindrance in DC tumors was correlated with higher levels of collagen type I and its organization into fibrils. For molecules with diameters comparable to the interfibrillar space the diffusion was 5- to 10-fold slower in DC than in CW tumors. The slower diffusion in DC tumors was associated with a higher density of host stromal cells that synthesize and organize collagen type I. Our results point to the necessity of developing site-specific drug carriers to improve the delivery of molecular medicine to solid tumors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.