ReviewReviews in medical virology
Role of free radicals in viral pathogenesis and mutation.
Review in Reviews in medical virology. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 195 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Vitamin C supplementation for prevention and treatment of pneumonia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin C for preventing and treating the common cold.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Review
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- Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: a randomized controlled trial.Clinical and experimental pediatrics · 2025Article
- Zika virus modulates human fibroblasts to enhance transmission success in a controlled lab-setting.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling Oxidative Stress-Induced Genotoxicity and Its Alleviation through Selenium and Vitamin E Therapy in Naturally Infected Cattle with Lumpy Skin Disease.Veterinary sciences · 2023Article
- Bacterial Pigments and Their Multifaceted Roles in Contemporary Biotechnology and Pharmacological Applications.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- NADPH containing superoxide-producing thermostable complex from raspberry, apricot, grape, and grape seeds: isolation, purification, and properties.Plant methods · 2023Article
- Nitric-oxide enriched plasma-activated water inactivates 229E coronavirus and alters antiviral response genes in human lung host cells.Bioactive materials · 2023Article
- Physiological variations in hypovirus-infected wild and model long-term laboratory strains ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of Protein Nitration on Influenza Virus Infectivity and Immunogenicity.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Computer simulations on oxidative stress-induced reactions in SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein: a multi-scale approach.Molecular diversity · 2022Article
- Synthesis and investigation of anti-COVID19 ability of ferrocene Schiff base derivatives by quantum chemical and molecular docking.Journal of molecular structure · 2022Article
- Oxidative Stress-Related Mechanisms in SARS-CoV-2 Infections.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Review
- Structures and Functional Diversities of ASFV Proteins.Viruses · 2021Review
- Marine sulfated polysaccharides as potential antiviral drug candidates to treat Corona Virus disease (COVID-19).Carbohydrate research · 2021Review
- Why airborne transmission hasn't been conclusive in case of COVID-19? An atmospheric science perspective.The Science of the total environment · 2021Review
- Prediction of African Swine Fever Virus Inhibitors by Molecular Docking-Driven Machine Learning Models.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxygen radicals and nitric oxide (NO) are generated in excess in a diverse array of microbial infections. Emerging concepts in free radical biology are now shedding light on the pathogenesis of various diseases. Free-radical induced pathogenicity in virus infections is of great importance, because evidence suggests that NO and oxygen radicals such as superoxide are key molecules in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases. Although oxygen radicals and NO have an antimicrobial effect on bacteria and protozoa, they have opposing effects in virus infections such as influenza virus pneumonia and several other neurotropic virus infections. A high output of NO from inducible NO synthase, occurring in a variety of virus infections, produces highly reactive nitrogen oxide species, such as peroxynitrite, via interaction with oxygen radicals and reactive oxygen intermediates. The production of these various reactive species confers the diverse biological functions of NO. The reactive nitrogen species cause oxidative tissue injury and mutagenesis through oxidation and nitration of various biomolecules. The unique biological properties of free radicals are further illustrated by recent evidence showing accelerated viral mutation by NO-induced oxidative stress. NO appears to affect a host's immune response, with immunopathological consequences. For example, NO is reported to suppress type 1 helper T cell-dependent immune responses during infections, leading to type 2 helper T cell-biased immunological host responses. NO-induced immunosuppression may thus contribute to the pathogenesis of virus infections and help expansion of quasispecies population of viral pathogens. This review describes the pathophysiological roles of free radicals in the pathogenesis of viral disease and in viral mutation as related to both nonspecific inflammatory responses and immunological host reactions modulated by NO.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.