ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Prevention and elimination of upper respiratory colonization of mice by group A streptococci by using a bacteriophage lytic enzyme.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 261 papers.
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Who cites it
261 citing papers in PubMed, 583 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacokinetics and Tolerance of the Phage Endolysin-Based Candidate Drug SAL200 after a Single Intravenous Administration among Healthy Volunteers.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Inhalable bacteriophage endolysins: a novel therapeutic strategy for drug-resistant bacterial pulmonary infections - a comprehensive review.Annals of medicine · 2026Review
- Eradication of catheter-associated MDR Acinetobacter baumannii biofilms mediated by novel phage encoded depolymerase activity.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Resistance, Insights From Case Reports, and Future Prospects in Mycobacteriophage Therapy.Journal of the Royal Society of New Zealand · 2026Review
- EV-LYSG101: Extracellular Vesicles Loaded With Lysin LYSG101 for Potent Anti-Staphylococcal Activity.Journal of extracellular biology · 2026Article
- Bacteriophage Lysins as Programmable Antimicrobials: Mechanisms, Engineering, and Translational Advances.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Review
- Data mining reveals the diversity of prophage endolysins targeting pathogenic enterococci.The Journal of general virology · 2026Article
- Isolation and characterization of Avs-1, a bacteriophage effective against the aquaculture pathogenApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Investigation of Recombinantly Produced Endolysins Reveals a Modular Enzyme Shared by Several Enterobacteria Phages to Exhibit Broad-Range Lytic Activity Against Different Orders of Gammaproteobacteria.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Article
- Unraveling the Coevolutionary Dynamics of Phage and Bacterial Protein Warfare Occurring in the Drains of Beef-Processing Plants.Microorganisms · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial Resistance: How Can We Overcome the Problem?Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Clinical implementation of endolysins targeting gram-positive bacteria points toward a combination strategy with standard-of-care antibiotics: a selective review.European journal of medical research · 2026Review
- Phage endolysins as alternative antimicrobials: mechanisms, clinical progress, and emerging resistance frameworks.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Bacteriophage-mediated biofilm control: a novel targeted strategy for the management of dental caries.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Review
- Recent Advances in Endolysin Engineering.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Combined experimental and in silico elucidation of KP27 endolysin reveals a phage derived antibacterial with pH and thermal robustness.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Characterization of a Peptidoglycan-Degrading Protein: Biochemical and Antimicrobial Characteristics, Antibiotic Synergism, and Delivery System Innovation.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2025Article
- Next-generation antimicrobials: A review of phage lysins as precision weapons against drug-resistant pathogens.Virulence · 2025Review
- High lytic activity of endolysin LysDCp1 from phage DCp1 against Clostridium perfringens and biofilms.Veterinary research communications · 2025Article
- A Century of Bacteriophages: Insights, Applications, and Current Utilization.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
201 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Bacteriophage lytic enzymes quickly destroy the cell wall of the host bacterium to release progeny phage. Because such lytic enzymes specifically kill the species in which they were produced, they may represent an effective way to control pathogenic bacteria without disturbing normal microflora. In this report, we studied a murein hydrolase from the streptococcal bacteriophage C(1) termed lysin. This enzyme is specific for groups A, C, and E streptococci, with little or no activity toward several oral streptococci or other commensal organisms tested. Using purified lysin in vitro, we show that 1,000 units (10 ng) of enzyme is sufficient to sterilize a culture of approximately 10(7) group A streptococci within 5 seconds. When a single dose of lysin (250 units) is first added to the oral cavity of mice, followed by 10(7) live group A streptococci, it provides protection from colonization (28.5% infected, n = 21) compared with controls without lysin (70.5% infected, n = 17) (P < 0.03). Furthermore, when lysin (500 units) was given orally to 9 heavily colonized mice, no detectable streptococci were observed 2 h after lysin treatment. In all, these studies show that lysin represents a unique murein hydrolase that has a rapid lethal effect both in vitro and in vivo on group A streptococci, without affecting other indigenous microorganisms analyzed. This general approach may be used to either eliminate or reduce streptococci from the upper respiratory mucosal epithelium of either carriers or infected individuals, thus reducing associated disease.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.