ArticleInfection and immunity2001
DNA from protozoan parasites Babesia bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei is mitogenic for B lymphocytes and stimulates macrophage expression of interleukin-12, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and nitric oxide.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers.
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46 citing papers in PubMed, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Nitric oxide in parasitic infections: a friend or foe?Journal of parasitic diseases : official organ of the Indian Society for Parasitology · 2022Review
- HarnessingVaccines · 2022Review
- Dermal bacterial LPS-stimulation reduces susceptibility to intradermal Trypanosoma brucei infection.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Revisiting the Mechanisms of Immune Evasion Employed by Human Parasites.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Review
- Extracellular Vesicles: Potential Role in Remote Signaling and Inflammation inFrontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Congenital Transmission of Apicomplexan Parasites: A Review.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Review
- Host Immune Responses and Immune Evasion Strategies in African Trypanosomiasis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Myocarditis in Humans and in Experimental Animal Models.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2019Review
- Lipids FromFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2018Article
- Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin Is Critical for Regulation of Proinflammatory Cytokine Response and Resistance to ExperimentalFrontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Immune Evasion Strategies of Trypanosoma brucei within the Mammalian Host: Progression to Pathogenicity.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Here, There, and Everywhere: The Ubiquitous Distribution of the Immunosignaling Molecule Lysophosphatidylcholine and Its Role on Chagas Disease.Frontiers in immunology · 2016Review
- Toll-like receptor 9 signaling in dendritic cells regulates neutrophil recruitment to inflammatory foci following Leishmania infantum infection.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- NK-, NKT- and CD8-Derived IFNγ Drives Myeloid Cell Activation and Erythrophagocytosis, Resulting in Trypanosomosis-Associated Acute Anemia.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Trypanosoma cruzi and Its Soluble Antigens Induce NET Release by Stimulating Toll-Like Receptors.PloS one · 2015Article
- TLR9 activation is triggered by the excess of stimulatory versus inhibitory motifs present in Trypanosomatidae DNA.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Article
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The activation of innate immune responses by genomic DNA from bacteria and several nonvertebrate organisms represents a novel mechanism of pathogen recognition. We recently demonstrated the CpG-dependent mitogenic activity of DNA from the protozoan parasite Babesia bovis for bovine B lymphocytes (W. C. Brown, D. M. Estes, S. E. Chantler, K. A. Kegerreis, and C. E. Suarez, Infect. Immun. 66:5423-5432, 1998). However, activation of macrophages by DNA from protozoan parasites has not been demonstrated. The present study was therefore conducted to determine whether DNA from the protozan parasites B. bovis, Trypanosoma cruzi, and T. brucei activates macrophages to secrete inflammatory mediators associated with protective immunity. DNA from Escherichia coli and all three parasites stimulated B-lymphocyte proliferation and increased macrophage production of interleukin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), and nitric oxide (NO). Regulation of IL-12 and NO production occurred at the level of transcription. The amounts of IL-12, TNF-alpha, and NO induced by E. coli and protozoal DNA were strongly correlated (r2 > 0.9) with the frequency of CG dinucleotides in the genome, and immunostimulation by DNA occurred in the order E. coli > or = T. cruzi > T. brucei > B. bovis. Induction of inflammatory mediators by E. coli, T. brucei, and B. bovis DNA was dependent on the presence of unmethylated CpG dinucleotides. However, at high concentrations, E. coli and T. cruzi DNA-mediated macrophage activation was not inhibited following methylation. The recognition of protozoal DNA by B lymphocytes and macrophages may provide an important innate defense mechanism to control parasite replication and promote persistent infection.
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