ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Peyer's patches are required for oral tolerance to proteins.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed, 173 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dietary Antigen Interaction with Intestinal Epithelial Cells.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2026Review
- M cell-dependent commensal uptake confers encephalitogenic phenotypes on γδT17 cells in Peyer's patches.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Imaging Mass Cytometry-Based Immune Profiling of Human Peyer's Patches in Patients with Crohn's Disease.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Targeting mucosal immunity in malaria control: the underexplored role of IgA.Frontiers in malaria · 2025Article
- Transcription factor TCF-1 regulates the functions, but not the development, of lymphoid tissue inducer subsets in different tissues.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Current Practice in Pediatric Cow's Milk Protein Allergy-Immunological Features and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recombinant MBP-pσ1 expressed in soybean seeds delays onset and reduces developing disease in an animal model of multiple sclerosis.Plant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Intestinal single-cell atlas reveals novel lymphocytes in pigs with similarities to human cells.Life science alliance · 2022Article
- Small bowel stomas are associated with higher risk of circulating food-specific-IgG than patients with organic gastrointestinal conditions and colostomies.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2022Article
- Towards the future exploration of mucosal mRNA vaccines against emerging viral diseases; lessons from existing next-generation mucosal vaccine strategies.NPJ vaccines · 2022Review
- Extracellular vesicles derived from small intestinal lamina propria reduce antigen-specific immune response.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2022Article
- Spi-B alleviates food allergy by securing mucosal barrier and immune tolerance in the intestine.Frontiers in allergy · 2022Article
- Nanoparticles for Inducing Antigen-Specific T Cell Tolerance in Autoimmune Diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Oral nanomedicine for modulating immunity, intestinal barrier functions, and gut microbiome.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Oral probiotic promotes indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase- and TGF-β-Producing plasmacytoid dendritic cells to initiate protection against type 1 diabetes.Immunology letters · 2021Article
- Food Allergy: Searching for the Modern Environmental Culprit.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2020Review
- Antigen-Presenting Cells in Food Tolerance and Allergy.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Intestinal development and homeostasis require activation and apoptosis of diet-reactive T cells.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Article
- Article
- Effect of a cocoa diet on the small intestine and gut-associated lymphoid tissue composition in an oral sensitization model in rats.The Journal of nutritional biochemistry · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
To clarify the role of Peyer's patches in oral tolerance induction, BALB/c mice were treated in utero with lymphotoxin beta-receptor Ig fusion protein to generate mice lacking Peyer's patches. When these Peyer's patch-null mice were fed 25 mg of ovalbumin (OVA) before systemic immunization, OVA-specific IgG Ab responses in serum and spleen were seen, in marked contrast to low responses in OVA-fed normal mice. Further, high T-cell-proliferative- and delayed-type hypersensitivity responses were seen in Peyer's patch-null mice given oral OVA before systemic challenge. Higher levels of CD4(+) T-cell-derived IFN-gamma, IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 syntheses were noted in Peyer's patch-null mice fed OVA, whereas OVA-fed normal mice had suppressed cytokine levels. In contrast, oral administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) to Peyer's patch-null mice resulted in reduced TNBS-specific serum Abs and splenic B cell antitrinitrophenyl Ab-forming cell responses after skin painting with picryl chloride. Further, when delayed-type hypersensitivity and splenic T cell proliferative responses were examined, Peyer's patch-null mice fed TNBS were unresponsive to hapten. Peyer's patch-null mice fed trinitrophenyl-OVA failed to induce systemic unresponsiveness to hapten or protein. These findings show that organized Peyer's patches are required for oral tolerance to proteins, whereas haptens elicit systemic unresponsiveness via the intestinal epithelial cell barrier.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.