ArticleThe Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience2001
Estrogen prevents the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in microglia.
Article in The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 167 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
167 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 468 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of iNOS in Hepatic Warm Ischaemia and Reperfusion Models in Mice and Rats: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Mechanisms of estrogens' dose-dependent neuroprotective and neurodamaging effects in experimental models of cerebral ischemia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2011Pooled it
- Ablation of microglial estrogen receptor alpha predisposes male mice to diet-induced obesity.Metabolism: clinical and experimental · 2026Article
- Hepatic SIRT6 Deficiency Accelerates Female-Specific Aging Through SULT1E1-Mediated Estrogen Depletion.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex Hormone Imbalance in Keratoconus: Estrogen-Mediated Collagen Remodeling and Biomechanical Weakening.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Repeated head impacts establish a senescent cranial bone marrow niche that impairs brain metabolism.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Not just neurons: glial mechanisms driving sex-specific vulnerability to withdrawal and relapse in substance use disorder.Frontiers in neuroendocrinology · 2026Review
- Sex differences of β-carotene effects in azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced early colorectal cancer mice.Nutrition research and practice · 2025Article
- TNF as a mediator of metabolic inflammation and body-brain interaction in obesity-driven neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Ageing research reviews · 2025Review
- Inflammatory and Immune Biomarkers in Mood Disorders: From Mechanistic Pathways to Clinical Translation.Cells · 2025Review
- Redox modulation of the complement cascade contributes to synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2025Review
- Microglia contribute to bipolar depression through Serinc2-dependent phospholipid synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Role of Testosterone Signaling in Microglia: A Potential Role for Sex-Related Differences in Alzheimer's Disease.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Sex and age differences in glia and myelin in nonhuman primate and human spinal cords: implications for pathology.Cell death discovery · 2025Article
- The role of the neuroinflammation and stressors in premenstrual syndrome/premenstrual dysphoric disorder: a review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Redox regulation, protein S-nitrosylation, and synapse loss in Alzheimer's and related dementias.Neuron · 2024Review
- Inhibition of neuroinflammation and neuronal damage by the selective non-steroidal ERβ agonist AC-186.Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.] · 2024Article
- Article
- Acute postnatal inflammation alters adult microglial responses to LPS that are sex-, region- and timing of postnatal inflammation-dependent.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2024Article
- Article
107 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
After neuronal injury and in several neurodegenerative diseases, activated microglia secrete proinflammatory molecules that can contribute to the progressive neural damage. The recent demonstration of a protective role of estrogen in neurodegenerative disorders in humans and experimental animal models led us to investigate whether this hormone regulates the inflammatory response in the CNS. We here show that estrogen exerts an anti-inflammatory activity on primary cultures of rat microglia, as suggested by the blockage of the phenotypic conversion associated with activation and by the prevention of lipopolysaccharide-induced production of inflammatory mediators: inducible form of NO synthase (iNOS), prostaglandin-E(2) (PGE(2)), and metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9). These effects are dose-dependent, maximal at 1 nm 17beta-estradiol, and can be blocked by the estrogen receptor (ER) antagonist ICI 182,780. The demonstration of ERalpha and ERbeta expression in microglia and macrophages and the observation of estrogen blockade of MMP-9 mRNA accumulation and MMP-9 promoter induction further support the hypothesis of a genomic activity of estrogen via intracellular receptors. This is the first report showing an anti-inflammatory activity of estrogen in microglia. Our study proposes a novel explanation for the protective effects of estrogen in neurodegenerative and inflammatory diseases and provides new molecular and cellular targets for the screening of ER ligands acting in the CNS.
Indexed as
Identifiers
11245665PMC6762610W1874568289What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.