SynthesisBritish journal of cancer2001
Oral contraceptives and colorectal cancer risk: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in British journal of cancer, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Updated European guidelines for clinical management of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), MUTYH-associated polyposis (MAP), gastric adenocarcinoma, proximal polyposis of the stomach (GAPPS) and other rare adenomatous polyposis syndromes: a joint EHTG-ESCP revision.The British journal of surgery · 2024Guideline
- Stool Investigations for Colorectal Cancer Screening: From Occult Blood Test to DNA Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2016Pooled it
- Systematic review of methods used in meta-analyses where a primary outcome is an adverse or unintended event.BMC medical research methodology · 2012Pooled it
- Genetic variants in XRCC2: new insights into colorectal cancer tumorigenesis.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2009Pooled it
- Hormonal contraception and hemoglobin levels in urban Malawi: a longitudinal analysis.Reproductive health · 2026Article
- Oral Contraceptives Use and Colorectal Cancer Risk Among Moroccan Women: A Case-Control Study.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2025Article
- Ninjurin1 deficiency differentially mitigates colorectal cancer induced by azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium in male and female mice.International journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Adherence to the World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research and Korean Cancer Prevention Guidelines and cancer risk: a prospective cohort study from the Health Examinees-Gem study.Epidemiology and health · 2023Article
- Reproductive Factors and Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.JNCI cancer spectrum · 2022Article
- ERβ and Inflammation.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Risk Stratification of T1 Colorectal Cancer Metastasis to Lymph Nodes: Current Status and Perspective.Gut and liver · 2021Review
- Plasma sex hormones and risk of conventional and serrated precursors of colorectal cancer in postmenopausal women.BMC medicine · 2021Article
- Testosterone strongly enhances azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium-induced colorectal cancer development in C57BL/6 mice.American journal of cancer research · 2021Article
- Estrogen Receptor Beta Influences the Inflammatory p65 Cistrome in Colon Cancer Cells.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Adherence to the Recommended Intake of Calcium and Colorectal Cancer Risk in the HEXA Study.Cancer research and treatment · 2021Article
- Female hormones and the risk of colorectal neoplasm.The Korean journal of internal medicine · 2019Article
- Colors of vegetables and fruits and the risks of colorectal cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Patient gender as a factor associated with lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular and clinical oncology · 2017Article
- Is there a sex effect in colon cancer? Disease characteristics, management, and outcomes in routine clinical practice.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2017Article
- Estrogen receptor beta reduces colon cancer metastasis through a novel miR-205 - PROX1 mechanism.Oncotarget · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Several studies have suggested an inverse association between use of combined oral contraceptives (OC) and the risk of colorectal cancer and here we present a meta-analysis of published studies. Articles considered were epidemiological studies published as full papers in English up to June 2000 that included quantitative information on OC use. The pooled relative risks (RR) of colorectal cancer for ever OC use from the 8 case-control studies was 0.81 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.69-0.94), and the pooled estimate from the 4 cohort studies was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.72-0.97). The pooled estimate from all studies combined was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.74-0.92), without apparent heterogeneity. Duration of use was not associated with a decrease in risk, but there was some indication that the apparent protection was stronger for women who had used OCs more recently (RR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.30-0.71). A better understanding of this potential relation may help informed choice of contraception.
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