ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2001
Mumps, measles, and rubella vaccine and the incidence of autism recorded by general practitioners: a time trend analysis.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
72 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 393 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Vaccines for measles, mumps, rubella, and varicella in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2020Pooled it
- Vaccines for measles, mumps and rubella in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- Epidemiology of mumps, mumps complications, and mumps orchitis in Korea using the National Health Insurance Service database.Investigative and clinical urology · 2023Article
- Review
- Air Pollution during Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorder in Taiwan.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Willingness to Take COVID-19 Vaccines in Ethiopia: An Instrumental Variable Probit Approach.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- The MMR Vaccine and Autism.Annual review of virology · 2019Review
- Calculating incidence rates and prevalence proportions: not as simple as it seems.BMC public health · 2019Article
- Defining Phenotypes from Clinical Data to Drive Genomic Research.Annual review of biomedical data science · 2018Article
- Maternal depression and antidepressant use during pregnancy and the risk of autism spectrum disorder in offspring.Clinical epidemiology · 2018Article
- The Experiences of Fathers Who Have Offspring with Autism Spectrum Disorder.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2017Article
- Using Electronic Health Records for Population Health Research: A Review of Methods and Applications.Annual review of public health · 2016Review
- Brief report: autism awareness: views from a campus community.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2014Article
- Prevalence and incidence rates of autism in the UK: time trend from 2004-2010 in children aged 8 years.BMJ open · 2013Article
- Public trust and vaccine acceptance--international perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2013Review
- A secure distributed logistic regression protocol for the detection of rare adverse drug events.Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA · 2013Article
- Risk of presentation to hospital with epileptic seizures after vaccination with monovalent AS03 adjuvanted pandemic A/H1N1 2009 influenza vaccine (Pandemrix): self controlled case series study.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2012Article
- The autism-vaccine story: fiction and deception?Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien · 2010Article
- What Every Behavior Analyst Should Know About the "MMR Causes Autism" Hypothesis.Behavior analysis in practice · 2010Article
12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo estimate changes in the risk of autism and assess the relation of autism to the mumps, measles, and rubella (MMR) vaccine.
designTime trend analysis of data from the UK general practice research database (GPRD).
settingGeneral practices in the United Kingdom. SUBJECTS: Children aged 12 years or younger diagnosed with autism 1988-99, with further analysis of boys aged 2 to 5 years born 1988-93.
main outcome measuresAnnual and age specific incidence for first recorded diagnoses of autism (that is, when the diagnosis of autism was first recorded) in the children aged 12 years or younger; annual, birth cohort specific risk of autism diagnosed in the 2 to 5 year old boys; coverage (prevalence) of MMR vaccination in the same birth cohorts.
resultsThe incidence of newly diagnosed autism increased sevenfold, from 0.3 per 10 000 person years in 1988 to 2.1 per 10 000 person years in 1999. The peak incidence was among 3 and 4 year olds, and 83% (254/305) of cases were boys. In an annual birth cohort analysis of 114 boys born in 1988-93, the risk of autism in 2 to 5 year old boys increased nearly fourfold over time, from 8 (95% confidence interval 4 to 14) per 10 000 for boys born in 1988 to 29 (20 to 43) per 10 000 for boys born in 1993. For the same annual birth cohorts the prevalence of MMR vaccination was over 95%.
conclusionsBecause the incidence of autism among 2 to 5 year olds increased markedly among boys born in each year separately from 1988 to 1993 while MMR vaccine coverage was over 95% for successive annual birth cohorts, the data provide evidence that no correlation exists between the prevalence of MMR vaccination and the rapid increase in the risk of autism over time. The explanation for the marked increase in risk of the diagnosis of autism in the past decade remains uncertain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.