ArticleRNA (New York, N.Y.)2001
Two alternating structures of the HIV-1 leader RNA.
Article in RNA (New York, N.Y.), 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 133 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
133 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Transcription start site heterogeneity controls MDA5 sensing of unspliced HIV-1 RNAs.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Decoding the Structural Complexity of Viral RNAs with SHAPE to Guide Antiviral Therapeutics.Viruses · 2026Review
- VIRSE: a variational Bayesian framework for RNA structural ensemble inference.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026Article
- Beyond reverse transcription: molecular mechanisms and emerging paradigms in retroviral replication.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- DEAD-box helicase intrinsically disordered domains and structural dynamics of HIV-1 RNA are required to reveal DDX3X catalytic efficiency.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Measuring intramolecular connectivity in long RNA molecules using two-dimensional DNA patch-probe arrays.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Translation of HIV-1 unspliced RNA is regulated by 5' untranslated region structure.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Transcription start site choice regulates HIV-1 RNA conformation and function.Current opinion in structural biology · 2024Review
- Structural and computational studies of HIV-1 RNA.RNA biology · 2024Review
- Lessons Learned and Yet-to-Be Learned on the Importance of RNA Structure in SARS-CoV-2 Replication.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2022Review
- Phosphomimetic S207D Lysyl-tRNA Synthetase Binds HIV-1 5'UTR in an Open Conformation and Increases RNA Dynamics.Viruses · 2022Article
- Human Retrovirus Genomic RNA Packaging.Viruses · 2022Review
- Short- and long-range interactions in the HIV-1 5' UTR regulate genome dimerization and packaging.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2022Article
- Epitranscriptomic regulation of HIV-1 full-length RNA packaging.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- Advances in HIV-1 Assembly.Viruses · 2022Review
- A novel role for gag as a cis-acting element regulating RNA structure, dimerization and packaging in HIV-1 lentiviral vectors.Nucleic acids research · 2022Article
- HibeRNAtion: HIV-1 RNA Metabolism and Viral Latency.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Silent codon positions in the A-rich HIV RNA genome that do not easily become A: Restrictions imposed by the RNA sequence and structure.Virus evolution · 2022Article
- HIV-1 Packaging Visualised by In-Gel SHAPE.Viruses · 2021Article
73 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In this study we demonstrate that the HIV-1 leader RNA exists in two alternative conformations, a branched structure consisting of several well-known hairpin motifs and a more stable structure that is formed by extensive long-distance base pairing. The latter conformation was first identified as a compactly folded RNA that migrates unusually fast in nondenaturing gels. The minimally required domains for formation of this conformer were determined by mutational analysis. The poly(A) and DIS regions of the leader are the major determinants of this RNA conformation. Further biochemical characterization of this conformer revealed that both hairpins are disrupted to allow extensive long-distance base pairing. As the DIS hairpin is known to be instrumental for formation of the HIV-1 RNA dimer, the interplay between formation of the conformer and dimerization was addressed. Formation of the conformer and the RNA dimer are mutually exclusive. Consequently, the conformer must rearrange into a branched structure that exposes the dimer initiation signal (DIS) hairpin, thus triggering formation of the RNA dimer. This structural rearrangement is facilitated by the viral nucleocapsid protein NC. We propose that this structural polymorphism of the HIV-1 leader RNA acts as a molecular switch in the viral replication cycle.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.