ArticleAmerican journal of public health2001
Association of smoking with serum and dietary levels of antioxidants in adults: NHANES III, 1988-1994.
Article in American journal of public health, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 42 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
42 citing papers in PubMed, 148 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Noni juice improves serum lipid profiles and other risk markers in cigarette smokers.TheScientificWorldJournal · 2012Trial
- Inverse association between insulin resistance and gait speed in nondiabetic older men: results from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002.BMC geriatrics · 2009Trial
- Plasma and dietary carotenoids are associated with reduced oxidative stress in women previously treated for breast cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2007Trial
- Effects of a high monounsaturated fat, tomato-rich diet on serum levels of lycopene.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2003Trial
- Plasma levels of zinc, selenium, and copper among incarcerated men in Switzerland.International journal of public health · 2026Article
- Association between carotene intake and hospital-acquired pneumonia in elderly men: a cross-sectional study.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2025Article
- Remnant cholesterol, a potential risk factor of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease.Nutrition & metabolism · 2025Article
- Association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and platelet to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio: evidence from two population-based studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Article
- Article
- N terminal prohormone of brain natriuretic peptide is associated with improved heart rate recovery after treadmill exercise test.International journal of cardiology. Cardiovascular risk and prevention · 2023Article
- Metabolomic Analysis Identified Reduced Levels of Xenobiotics, Oxidative Stress, and Improved Vitamin Metabolism in Smokers Switched to Vuse Electronic Nicotine Delivery System.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2021Article
- From carotenoid intake to carotenoid blood and tissue concentrations - implications for dietary intake recommendations.Nutrition reviews · 2021Review
- Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity and Cotinine Levels of Saliva in Male Smokers and Non-smokers.Addiction & health · 2020Article
- Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors Impacting Absorption, Metabolism, and Health Effects of Dietary Carotenoids.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2018Review
- Lifestyle behaviors and serum vitamin C in the Thai population in Bangkok Metropolitan.EXCLI journal · 2018Article
- Non-Dietary Correlates and Determinants of Plasma Lutein and Zeaxanthin Concentrations in the Irish Population.The journal of nutrition, health & aging · 2017Article
- Crosstalk between Vitamins A, B12, D, K, C, and E Status and Arterial Stiffness.Disease markers · 2017Review
- Tobacco carcinogen induces both lung cancer and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and hepatocellular carcinomas in ferrets which can be attenuated by lycopene supplementation.International journal of cancer · 2016Article
- Modification of additive effect between vitamins and ETS on childhood asthma risk according to GSTP1 polymorphism: a cross -sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThis study examined the association of smoking with serum levels and dietary intakes of antioxidants in a nationally representative sample.
methodsThis study classified 7873 apparently healthy adults aged 17 to 50 years from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (NHANES III) data as nonsmokers or as smokers if their serum cotinine levels were either lower than 14 ng/mL or 14 ng/mL or greater, respectively. SUDAAN software was used for the statistical analysis.
resultsSmokers of both sexes had significantly (P < .001) lower serum levels of vitamin C, alpha-carotene, beta-carotene, beta-cryptoxanthin, and lutein/zeaxanthin. Reduction in the serum vitamin E, lycopene, and selenium levels in smokers was slight. Smokers also had significantly lower dietary intakes of vitamin C and beta-carotene. A significant (P < .001) inverse relation was found between serum vitamin C and beta-carotene levels and cotinine levels independent of diet effect, and a positive relation (P < .001) was found between serum levels and dietary intakes.
conclusionsAntioxidants appear to have differing declines in serum levels as a result of reduced dietary intakes and the effects of smoking.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.