ArticleDiabetologia2001
Male-to-female excess in diabetes diagnosed in early adulthood is not specific for the immune-mediated form nor is it HLA-DQ restricted: possible relation to increased body mass index.
Article in Diabetologia, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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16 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Insulin Secretion and Insulin Sensitivity Change in Different Stages of Adult-Onset Type 1 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Effect of Melatonin Intake on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Male Reproductive Organs of Rats under Experimental Diabetes.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2015Article
- Rising incidence of type 1 diabetes in Belgrade children aged 0-14 years in the period from 1982 to 2005.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2013Article
- Screening for insulinoma antigen 2 and zinc transporter 8 autoantibodies: a cost-effective and age-independent strategy to identify rapid progressors to clinical onset among relatives of type 1 diabetic patients.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Article
- The pathogenesis and natural history of type 1 diabetes.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2012Review
- Identification of prediabetes in first-degree relatives at intermediate risk of type I diabetes.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2007Article
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- Sex- and season-dependent differences in C-peptide levels at diagnosis of immune-mediated type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2006Article
- Combined positivity for HLA DQ2/DQ8 and IA-2 antibodies defines population at high risk of developing type 1 diabetes.Diabetologia · 2005Article
- Article
- The epidemiology of Type 1 diabetes mellitus is not the same in young adults as in children.Diabetologia · 2004Article
- Vitamin D deficiency in early life accelerates Type 1 diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice.Diabetologia · 2004Article
- GAD2 on chromosome 10p12 is a candidate gene for human obesity.PLoS biology · 2003Article
- Regional distribution of risk for childhood diabetes in Austria and possible association with body mass index.European journal of pediatrics · 2003Article
- To: T.J. Wilkin (2001) The accelerator hypothesis: weight gain as the missing link between Type I and Type II diabetes. Diabetologia 44: 914-921.Diabetologia · 2002Article
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14 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
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No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
unlabelledAIMS/HYPOTHESIS. We investigated whether the reported HLA-DQ/DR restricted male-to-female (M:F) excess in Type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus also exists in Belgian patients, is specific for immune-mediated diabetes, remains genotype-restricted after adjustment for age at diagnosis, and is associated with sex-dependent environmental factors.
methodsAutoantibodies, HLA-DQ and 5'INS (5'insulin gene) polymorphisms were assessed in 2,532 diabetic patients (all phenotypes) diagnosed under 40 years of age. Autoantibodies and body mass index (expressed as a standard deviation score by comparison to age-matched and sex-matched control subjects; SDS-BMI) were measured in 1986 siblings or offspring of Type I diabetes patients (0-39 years).
resultsIn patients aged 15-39 years at diagnosis, the male-to-female ratio was 1.5 or more regardless of their antibody status and significantly higher (p < 0.001) than that in the age-matched Belgian general population. There was no sex bias in patients under 15 years of age. Overall, the male-to-female ratio was significantly higher in patients without HLADQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 (p < or = 0.003) but stratification in age groups and multivariate analysis identified age as the major determinant of male-to-female ratio. The SDS-BMI increased (p < 0.01) in male antibodypositive relatives (n = 103) but not in female antibody-positive (n = 92) or in antibody-negative relatives (n = 1,791). This phenomenon tended to be restricted to male relatives who were positive only for glutamate decarboxylase antibodies (n = 44). CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationThe male-to-female excess in Belgian diabetic patients diagnosed in early adulthood is not specific for immune-mediated Type I diabetes and not HLA-DQ or 5'INS restricted. Our data suggest that, similar to Type II (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, the metabolic burden of obesity and insulin resistance could preferentially precipitate postpubertal clinical onset in male subjects with slowly progressive subclinical (immune-mediated) diabetes.
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