ReviewPhilosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences2001
Evolution and the molecular basis of somatic hypermutation of antigen receptor genes.
Review in Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Evolutionary Landscape with Targeted In Vivo Hypermutations.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- REV7: Jack of many trades.Trends in cell biology · 2021Review
- Lost structural and functional inter-relationships between Ig and TCR loci in mammals revealed in sharks.Immunogenetics · 2021Review
- Positive Cofactor 4 (PC4) is critical for DNA repair pathway re-routing in DT40 cells.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Unique Features of Fish Immune Repertoires: Particularities of Adaptive Immunity Within the Largest Group of Vertebrates.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2015Review
- Altered Ig hypermutation pattern and frequency in complementary mouse models of DNA polymerase ζ activity.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2012Article
- Article
- Regulation of activation-induced cytidine deaminase DNA deamination activity in B-cells by Ser38 phosphorylation.Biochemical Society transactions · 2009Article
- The translesion DNA polymerase theta plays a dominant role in immunoglobulin gene somatic hypermutation.The EMBO journal · 2005Article
- Class-switch recombination: after the dawn of AID.Current opinion in immunology · 2003Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes occurs in many vertebrates including sharks, frogs, camels, humans and mice. Similarities among species reveal a common mechanism and these include the AGC/T sequence hot spot, preponderance of base substitutions, a bias towards transitions and strand bias. There are some differences among species, however, that may unveil layers of the mechanism. These include a G:C bias in frog and shark IgM but not in nurse shark antigen receptor (NAR), a high frequency of doublets in NAR hypermutation, and the co-occurrence of somatic hypermutation with gene conversion in some species. Here we argue that some of the similarities and differences among species are best explained by error-prone DNA synthesis by the translesion synthesis DNA polymerase zeta (Pol zeta) and, as suggested by others, induction of DNA synthesis by DNA breaks in antigen receptor variable genes. Finally, targeting of the variable genes is probably obtained via transcription-related elements, and it is the targeting phase of somatic hypermutation that is the most likely to reveal molecules unique to adaptive immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.