ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
A shark antibody heavy chain encoded by a nonsomatically rearranged VDJ is preferentially expressed in early development and is convergent with mammalian IgG.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Transitions in Immunoassay Leading to Next-Generation Lateral Flow Assays and Future Prospects.Biomedicines · 2024Review
- A novel liver-specific immunoglobulin heavy chain-like gene in a cartilaginous fish.Fish and shellfish immunology reports · 2023Article
- An Ancient MHC-Linked Gene Encodes a Nonrearranging Shark Antibody, UrIg, Convergent with IgG.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Heavy chain-only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- Exploration of the Nurse Shark (Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- The influence of antibody humanization on shark variable domain (VNAR) binding site ensembles.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Analysis of shark NCR3 family genes reveals primordial features of vertebrate NKp30.Immunogenetics · 2021Article
- The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- Guardian of the Genome: An Alternative RAG/Transib Co-Evolution Hypothesis for the Origin of V(D)J Recombination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Shark Antibody Variable Domains Rigidify Upon Affinity Maturation-Understanding the Potential of Shark Immunoglobulins as Therapeutics.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2021Article
- Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of shark variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) single domain antibody.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2020Review
- Ancient species offers contemporary therapeutics: an update on shark VAntibody therapeutics · 2020Review
- Ancient Use of Ig Variable Domains Contributes Significantly to the TCRδ Repertoire.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2019Article
- A Comparison of the Innate and Adaptive Immune Systems in Cartilaginous Fish, Ray-Finned Fish, and Lobe-Finned Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Diversity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Isotypes and the Role of Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID) in Fish.Molecular biotechnology · 2018Review
- Somatic hypermutation of T cell receptor α chain contributes to selection in nurse shark thymus.eLife · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
In most vertebrate embryos and neonates studied to date unique antigen receptors (antibodies and T cell receptors) are expressed that possess a limited immune repertoire. We have isolated a subclass of IgM, IgM(1gj), from the nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum that is preferentially expressed in neonates. The variable (V) region gene encoding the heavy (H) chain underwent V-D-J rearrangement in germ cells ("germline-joined"). Such H chain V genes were discovered over 10 years ago in sharks but until now were not shown to be expressed at appreciable levels; we find expression of H(1gj) in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues early in life, but in adults only in primary lymphoid tissue, which is identified in this work as the epigonal organ. H(1gj) chain associates covalently with light (L) chains and is most similar in sequence to IgM H chains, but like mammalian IgG has three rather than the four IgM constant domains; deletion of the ancestral IgM C2 domain thus defines both IgG and IgM(1gj). Because sharks are the members of the oldest vertebrate class known to possess antibodies, unique or specialized antibodies expressed early in ontogeny in sharks and other vertebrates were likely present at the inception of the adaptive immune system.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.