ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
Identification of two short internal ribosome entry sites selected from libraries of random oligonucleotides.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- IRES-TrAPPr reveals novel insights into viral and cellular mRNA translation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- CJ-1: an optimized mRNA platform with enhanced protein expression and minimal immunogenicity for therapeutic applications.Gene therapy · 2026Article
- Review
- Structured elements drive extensive circular RNA translation.Molecular cell · 2021Article
- A Novel Cis-Acting RNA Structural Element Embedded in the Core Coding Region of the Hepatitis C Virus Genome Directs Internal Translation Initiation of the Overlapping Core+1 ORF.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- IRES-Mediated Protein Translation Overcomes Suppression by the p14ARF Tumor Suppressor Protein.Journal of Cancer · 2017Article
- Toward a systematic understanding of translational regulatory elements in human and viruses.RNA biology · 2016Article
- Structural domains within the HIV-1 mRNA and the ribosomal protein S25 influence cap-independent translation initiation.The FEBS journal · 2016Article
- Optimized Replicating Renilla Luciferase Reporter HIV-1 Utilizing Novel Internal Ribosome Entry Site Elements for Native Nef Expression and Function.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2015Article
- Slipping and sliding: frameshift mutations in herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase and drug-resistance.Drug resistance updates : reviews and commentaries in antimicrobial and anticancer chemotherapy · 2011Review
- Frameworks for programming biological function through RNA parts and devices.Chemistry & biology · 2009Review
- The ribosome filter redux.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2007Review
- Searching for IRES.RNA (New York, N.Y.) · 2006Review
- An unusual internal ribosome entry site in the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- A positive feedback vector for identification of nucleotide sequences that enhance translation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Cold stress-induced protein Rbm3 binds 60S ribosomal subunits, alters microRNA levels, and enhances global protein synthesis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2005Article
- Enhanced retinal ganglion cell differentiation by ath5 and NSCL1 coexpression.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2004Article
- Biochemical and functional analysis of a 9-nt RNA sequence that affects translation efficiency in eukaryotic cells.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2004Article
- Mapping and characterization of the minimal internal ribosome entry segment in the human c-myc mRNA 5' untranslated region.Oncogene · 2004Article
- Conserved nucleotides within the J domain of the encephalomyocarditis virus internal ribosome entry site are required for activity and for interaction with eIF4G.Journal of virology · 2003Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Sequences that control translation of mRNA may play critical roles in regulating protein levels. One such element is the internal ribosome entry site (IRES). We previously showed that a 9-nt segment in the 5' leader sequence of the mRNA encoding Gtx homeodomain protein could function as an IRES. To identify other short sequences with similar properties, we designed a selection procedure that uses a retroviral vector to express dicistronic mRNAs encoding enhanced green and cyan fluorescent proteins as the first and second cistrons, respectively. Expression of the second cistron was dependent upon the intercistronic sequences and was indicative of IRES activity. B104 cells were infected with two retroviral libraries that contained random sequences of 9 or 18 nt in the intercistronic region. Cells expressing both cistrons were sorted, and sequences recovered from selected cells were reassayed for IRES activity in a dual luciferase dicistronic mRNA. Two novel IRESes were identified by this procedure, and both contained segments with complementarity to 18S rRNA. When multiple copies of either segment were linked together, IRES activities were dramatically enhanced. Moreover, these synthetic IRESes were differentially active in various cell types. These properties are similar to those of the previously identified 9-nt IRES module from Gtx mRNA. These results provide further evidence that short nucleotide sequences can function as IRESes and support the idea that some cellular IRESes may be composed of shorter functional modules. The ability to identify IRES modules with specific expression properties may be useful in the design of vectors for biotechnology and gene therapy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.