ReviewSexually transmitted infections2001
Antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen of HIV-1 infected men.
Review in Sexually transmitted infections, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Low frequency of intermittent HIV-1 semen excretion in patients treated with darunavir-ritonavir at 600/100 milligrams twice a day plus two nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or monotherapy.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Trial
- High concentration of raltegravir in semen of HIV-infected men: results from a substudy of the EASIER-ANRS 138 trial.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2010Trial
- Differential diffusions of indinavir and lopinavir in genital secretions of human immunodeficiency virus-infected women.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2004Trial
- Contemporary antiretroviral pharmacology in the male genital tract: implications for HIV treatment and prevention.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2026Review
- Testis Is a Sanctuary Site for HIV-1.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Sexually transmitted doping: The impact of urine contamination of semen.Drug testing and analysis · 2022Article
- Semen Extracellular Vesicles From HIV-1-Infected Individuals Inhibit HIV-1 Replication In Vitro, and Extracellular Vesicles Carry Antiretroviral Drugs In Vivo.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2020Article
- Antiretroviral Therapy and Alcohol Interactions: X-raying Testicular and Seminal Parameters Under the HAART Era.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2018Review
- Effect of monotherapy with darunavir/cobicistat on viral load and semen quality of HIV-1 patients.PloS one · 2018Article
- Patterns of residual HIV-1 RNA shedding in the seminal plasma of patients on effective antiretroviral therapy.Basic and clinical andrology · 2017Article
- Article
- Characterization of binding of raltegravir to plasma proteins.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2013Article
- Uptake of tenofovir and emtricitabine into non-monocytic female genital tract cells with and without hormonal contraceptives.Journal of experimental pharmacology · 2013Article
- HIV treatment as prevention and HPTN 052.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2012Review
- Is expanded HIV treatment preventing new infections? Impact of antiretroviral therapy on sexual risk behaviors in the developing world.AIDS (London, England) · 2011Review
- The male genital tract is not a pharmacological sanctuary from efavirenz.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2011Article
- Chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention: new opportunities and new questions.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2010Review
- Antiretroviral therapy as HIV prevention: status and prospects.American journal of public health · 2010Article
- HIV infection of the male genital tract--consequences for sexual transmission and reproduction.International journal of andrology · 2010Review
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Because semen is a major vehicle for the sexual transmission of HIV-1, control of viral replication within the sanctuary of the male genital tract should be a goal of antiretroviral therapy. Local immune responses, virus specific factors, and the degree of viral and cellular trafficking all appear to be important in controlling viral replication and evolution. However, the most important factor influencing viral replication and evolution within the male genital tract may be the disposition of antiretroviral agents into genital tissues and fluids. This review proposes possible mechanisms of antiretroviral distribution into the male genital tract by using other sanctuary barriers; such as the placenta, renal tubules, and blood-brain barrier; as models. In addition, this review summarises recent clinical studies regarding the disposition of currently available antiretroviral drugs into the seminal plasma and discusses some of the difficulties in interpreting drug concentration in the genital tract.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.