ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2001
CD40-CD40L independent Ig gene hypermutation suggests a second B cell diversification pathway in humans.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 391 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Recognizing nodal marginal zone lymphoma: recent advances and pitfalls. A systematic review.Haematologica · 2013Pooled it
- Abnormal germinal center reactions in systemic lupus erythematosus demonstrated by blockade of CD154-CD40 interactions.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2003Trial
- BAFF and APRIL Receptors in B Cell Immunity and Autoimmunity.Immunological reviews · 2026Review
- Phenotypic Heterogeneity in CD40 Ligand Deficiency: Long-term Follow-up of a Patient with the c.156G > A Splice Variant.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Article
- The multilayered identity of B cell memory.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2026Review
- Epstein-Barr virus-infected tonsillar marginal zone B cellsJournal of virology · 2025Article
- Regulatory B cells, the key regulator to induce immune tolerance in organ transplantation.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Pathomics models for CD40LG expression and prognosis prediction in glioblastoma.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Gut-associated lymphoid tissue: a microbiota-driven hub of B cell immunity.Trends in immunology · 2024Review
- Composition of the CD27+ Memory-B-Cell Compartment Delineates Immunoglobulin Deficiency Endotypes.Research square · 2024Article
- Mechanism and regulation of secondary immunoglobulin diversification.Cell cycle (Georgetown, Tex.) · 2023Review
- CD27 on human memory B cells-more than just a surface marker.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2023Review
- T-independent responses to polysaccharides in humans mobilize marginal zone B cells prediversified against gut bacterial antigens.Science immunology · 2023Article
- NF-kB's contribution to B cell fate decisions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Antibody diversity in IVIG: Therapeutic opportunities for novel immunotherapeutic drugs.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- B cells in human lymphoid structures.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Human B-cell subset identification and changes in inflammatory diseases.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2022Review
- Asplenia and spleen hypofunction.Nature reviews. Disease primers · 2022Review
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Somatically mutated IgM(+)-only and IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B lymphocytes comprise approximately 25% of the human peripheral B cell pool. These cells phenotypically resemble class-switched B cells and have therefore been classified as postgerminal center memory B cells. X-linked hyper IgM patients have a genetic defect characterized by a mutation of the CD40L gene. These patients, who do not express a functional CD40 ligand, cannot switch Ig isotypes and do not form germinal centers and memory B cells. We report here that an IgM(+)IgD(+)CD27(+) B cell subset with somatically mutated Ig receptors is generated in these patients, implying that these cells expand and diversify their Ig receptors in the absence of classical cognate T-B collaboration. The presence of this sole subset in the absence of IgM(+)-only and switched CD27(+) memory B cells suggests that it belongs to a separate diversification pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.