ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2001
Differential localization of Rho GTPases in live cells: regulation by hypervariable regions and RhoGDI binding.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 315 papers.
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Who cites it
315 citing papers in PubMed, 681 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Rac1 palmitoylation is required for cardiac stress adaptation and regulation of protein kinase A signaling.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Unravelling molecular dynamics in living cells: Fluorescent protein biosensors for cell biology.Journal of microscopy · 2025Review
- The biochemical mechanism of Rho GTPase membrane binding, activation and retention in activity patterning.The EMBO journal · 2025Article
- Oscillatory dynamics of Rac1 activity in Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
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- Alveolar macrophage function is impaired following inhalation of berry e-cigarette vapor.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- An Anti-Invasive Role for Mdmx through the RhoA GTPase under the Control of the NEDD8 Pathway.Cells · 2024Article
- S-acylation of NLRP3 provides a nigericin sensitive gating mechanism that controls access to the Golgi.eLife · 2024Article
- Excitable Rho dynamics control cell shape and motility by sequentially activating ERM proteins and actomyosin contractility.Science advances · 2024Article
- From disorder comes function: Regulation of small GTPase function by intrinsically disordered lipidated membrane anchor.Current opinion in structural biology · 2024Review
- Dissemination of pathogenic bacteria is reinforced by a MARTX toxin effector duet.Nature communications · 2024Article
- The Roles of RAC1 and RAC1B in Colorectal Cancer and Their Potential Contribution to Cetuximab Resistance.Cancers · 2024Review
- Geranylgeranylated-SCFbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
255 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Determinants of membrane targeting of Rho proteins were investigated in live cells with green fluorescent fusion proteins expressed with or without Rho-guanine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI)alpha. The hypervariable region determined to which membrane compartment each protein was targeted. Targeting was regulated by binding to RhoGDI alpha in the case of RhoA, Rac1, Rac2, and Cdc42hs but not RhoB or TC10. Although RhoB localized to the plasma membrane (PM), Golgi, and motile peri-Golgi vesicles, TC10 localized to PMs and endosomes. Inhibition of palmitoylation mislocalized H-Ras, RhoB, and TC10 to the endoplasmic reticulum. Although overexpressed Cdc42hs and Rac2 were observed predominantly on endomembrane, Rac1 was predominantly at the PM. RhoA was cytosolic even when expressed at levels in vast excess of RhoGDI alpha. Oncogenic Dbl stimulated translocation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-Rac1, GFP-Cdc42hs, and GFP-RhoA to lamellipodia. RhoGDI binding to GFP-Cdc42hs was not affected by substituting farnesylation for geranylgeranylation. A palmitoylation site inserted into RhoA blocked RhoGDI alpha binding. Mutations that render RhoA, Cdc42hs, or Rac1, either constitutively active or dominant negative abrogated binding to RhoGDI alpha and redirected expression to both PMs and internal membranes. Thus, despite the common essential feature of the CAAX (prenylation, AAX tripeptide proteolysis, and carboxyl methylation) motif, the subcellular localizations of Rho GTPases, like their functions, are diverse and dynamic.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.