ReviewClinical microbiology reviews2001
Treatment of giardiasis.
Review in Clinical microbiology reviews, 2001. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 172 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
172 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 554 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review of Vaccine Strategies Against Tritrichomonas foetus Infection in Cattle: Insights, Challenges, and Prospects.Parasite immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of drugs for treating giardiasis: a systematic update of the literature and network meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2018Pooled it
- Microscopic enteritis: Bucharest consensus.World journal of gastroenterology · 2015Guideline
- Efficacy of 5-nitroimidazoles for the treatment of giardiasis: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2014Pooled it
- Guidelines for the prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-exposed and HIV-infected children: recommendations from the National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society, and the American Academy of Pediatrics.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2013Guideline
- Drugs for treating giardiasis.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2012Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of the effectiveness of albendazole compared with metronidazole as treatments for infections with Giardia duodenalis.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2010Pooled it
- Effect of biannual azithromycin distribution on antibody responses to malaria, bacterial, and protozoan pathogens in Niger.Nature communications · 2022Trial
- Randomized clinical study of five days apostrophe therapy with mebendazole compared to quinacrine in the treatment of symptomatic giardiasis in children.World journal of gastroenterology · 2006Trial
- Furazolidone-based triple therapy for H pylori gastritis in children.World journal of gastroenterology · 2006Trial
- Albendazole versus metronidazole treatment of adult giardiasis: An open randomized clinical study.World journal of gastroenterology · 2004Trial
- Review
- Importance and Involvement of Imidazole Structure in Current and Future Therapy.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Old drugs, new weapons: current trends in repurposing therapies against antimicrobial resistance.Journal of pharmacy & pharmaceutical sciences : a publication of the Canadian Society for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Societe canadienne des sciences pharmaceutiques · 2026Review
- The history of giardiasis.Parasitology research · 2025Review
- Crystal structures and conformational features of new forms of tinidazole.Acta crystallographica. Section E, Crystallographic communications · 2025Article
- Giardiasis in pediatric populations: A case series highlighting nutritional and growth impacts.Journal of family medicine and primary care · 2025Article
- Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites and Associated Factors among Rural Populations in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2025Article
- Genotype-Specific Small EVs Released by Giardia lamblia Act as Mediators of Phenotypic Adaptation Under Metronidazole-Induced Stress.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Trichomoniasis and Other Sexually Transmitted Parasitic Diseases in Women.Clinical obstetrics and gynecology · 2025Review
112 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Giardia lamblia is both the most common intestinal parasite in the United States and a frequent cause of diarrheal illness throughout the world. In spite of its recognition as an important human pathogen, there have been relatively few agents used in therapy. This paper discusses each class of drugs used in treatment, along with their mechanism of action, in vitro and clinical efficacy, and side effects and contraindications. Recommendations are made for the preferred treatment in different clinical situations. The greatest clinical experience is with the nitroimidazole drugs, i.e., metronidazole, tinidazole, and ornidazole, which are highly effective. A 5- to 7-day course of metronidazole can be expected to cure over 90% of individuals, and a single dose of tinidazole or ornidazole will cure a similar number. Quinacrine, which is no longer produced in the United States, has excellent efficacy but may be poorly tolerated, especially in children. Furazolidone is an effective alternative but must be administered four times a day for 7 to 10 days. Paromomycin may be used during early pregnancy, because it is not systematically absorbed, but it is not always effective. Patients who have resistant infection can usually be cured by a prolonged course of treatment with a combination of a nitroimidazole with quinacrine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.